协议企业储备模式下应急物资储备策略及供应链协调研究

Research on emergency material reserve strategy and supply chain coordination under agreement enterprise reserve model

为充分发挥应急物资协议企业储备模式的优越性,利用期权契约建立政企合作关系,在考虑企业可同时选用实物与生产能力这两种物资储备形式的情况下,给出企业在期权执行价格及灾害事件发生概率满足不同条件时的最优储备形式选择(单一实物储备,单一生产能力储备,实物储备+生产能力储备)及对应储备量,并在此基础上设计相应的供应链协调机制,分析相关因素对协调机制,储备策略及政企双方成本利润的影响.研究结果表明,所设计的协调机制具有较强的鲁棒性;当企业采取双储备形式时,较高的灾害事件发生概率会导致实物储备量增加及生产能力储备量降低,但物资现货市场采购价格的上升仅会导致生产能力储备量增加;无论企业采取何种储备形式,政企双方的成本利润均随灾害事件发生概率和物资现货市场采购价格的增加而上升,且权利金的降低会提升双方成本利润对相关因素变化反应的敏感性;随着灾害事件发生概率和物资现货市场采购价格的上升,企业储备模式的优越性将愈发显著.

In order to give full play to the advantages of the enterprise reserve mode of emergency materials,a cooperation between governments and enterprises is established by using option contracts.Considering that the enterprise can choose physical reserve and production capacity reserve,the paper gives the optimal reserve form(single physical reserve,single production capacity reserve,physical reserve and production capacity reserve)and corresponding reserve quantity when the option exercise price and the probability of disaster events meet different conditions.On the basis of this,the corresponding supply chain coordination mechanism is designed,and the effects of relevant factors on the coordination mechanism,the reserve strategy and the costbenefit of the government and the enterprise are analyzed.The results show that the designed coordination mechanism has strong robustness;When the enterprise adopts physical reserve and production capacity reserve at the same time,the higher probability of disaster events will lead to the increase of physical reserve quantity and the decrease of production capacity reserve quantity,but the increase of material spot market price will only lead to the increase of production capacity reserve quantity;No matter what kind of reserve form the enterprise takes,the cost and profit of both the government and the enterprise will increase with the increase of the probability of disaster events and the spot market price of the material,and the reduction of option price will increase the sensitivity of the cost and profit of both parties to the changes of relevant factors;With the increase of the probability of disaster events and the spot market price of the material,the superiority of the enterprise reserve mode becomes more and more significant.