长期适量饮酒对大鼠生理指标和肠道菌群的影响

The effects of long-term moderate alcohol consumption on physiological indicators and gut microbiota in rats

目的探究长期适量饮酒对大鼠血脂、肝脏和肠道菌群的影响。方法40只雄性SD大鼠(SPF级,200~220 g)按体重随机分为对照组、白酒组、葡萄酒组、黄酒组和酒基组,每组8只,分别灌胃蒸馏水、白酒、葡萄酒、黄酒和酒基,连续灌胃90 d。采用全自动生化分析仪检测大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及血糖(Glu)水平,HE染色观察肝脏病理变化,16S rRNA基因测序分析各组肠道菌群变化。结果实验周期内,适量饮酒未增加大鼠体重与各脏器质量,未显著升高大鼠血清Glu、TG和TC水平。病理分析显示适量饮酒可引起肝组织结构异常与肝细胞脂肪变性。长期适量饮酒可增加芽胞杆菌门(Bacillota)的梭菌属(Clostridium_ⅪⅤa)、颤杆菌属(Oscillibacter)、Flavonifractor、罗斯菌属(Roseburia)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)的普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)相对丰度,降低乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、优杆菌属(Eubacterium)及瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)相对丰度。结论长期适量饮酒会引发肝脏轻度炎症,肠道菌群有益菌丰度降低,条件致病菌丰度升高,进而影响机体健康。

Objective To observe the effects of long-term moderate alcohol consumption on blood lipids,liver and gut microbiota in rats.Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group,Baijiu(liquor)group,wine group,yellow rice wine group and ethanol group,and gavaged with distilled water,Baijiu,wine,yellow rice wine and ethanol respectively for 90 days.A fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect the concentrations of serum cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and blood glucose levels.HE staining was used to observe liver pathological changes,and 16S rRNA genes sequencing was used to analyze changes of gut microbiota in each group.Results Moderate alcohol consumption did not increase the body weight and organ mass of rats during the experiment,and did not significantly increase the serum blood glucose,TG,and TC levels.Pathological analysis showed that moderate alcohol consumption caused structural abnormalities in liver tissue and steatosis of liver cells.Long term moderate alcohol consumption increased the relative abundances of Clostridium_ⅪⅤa,Oscillibacter,Flavonifractor,Roseburia(belonged to Bacillota)and those of Prevotella and Bacteroides(belonged to Bacteroidota),while decreased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus,Eubacterium,and Ruminococcus.Conclusion Long term moderate alcohol consumption can cause mild liver inflammation,decrease the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in gut microbiota,and increase those of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria,thereby affecting the body's health.