新农村建设中高速城镇化地区景观格局与生态系统服务的关联效应

Correlation Effect Between Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Services in High-speed Urbanization Areas in New Rural Construction

随着城镇化和新农村建设的发展,农村地区景观格局不断变化,导致生态系统服务也产生了相应的变化。以南京市溧水区为研究区,利用景观格局指数、InVEST模型和地理探测器模型等,分析2000、2010和2018年其土地利用中景观格局与生态系统服务的时空变化,甄别景观格局指数与生态系统服务的关系。结论如下:(1)18年间溧水区各地类的聚集度均较高,耕地、林地和建设用地的破碎化程度变化较大,其他地类破碎化程度变化较小;整体景观破碎化程度较低且变化不大,不同土地类型之间斑块离散程度和景观空间连接程度呈反向变化。(2)18年间溧水区水土保持情况较好,但碳固存、产水量和生境质量水平均呈下降趋势;从空间分布看其高值区减少,低值区增加。(3)影响溧水区生态系统服务的主要景观格局因子为平均分维数和聚集度指数,4个景观格局指数中任意两个指数的交互作用与3种生态系统服务的相关性均高于单指数作用的相关性,生态系统服务变化是景观格局多因子综合作用的结果。

The landscape pattern in rural areas is constantly changing with urbanization and new rural development,resulting in corresponding changes in ecosystem services.Taking Lishui District of Nanjing as the research area,this study used landscape pattern index,InVEST model and geographical detector model to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of landscape pattern and ecosystem services in 2000,2010 and 2018.The relationship between landscape pattern index and ecosystem services was identified.The following conclusions were drawn:(1)During the past 18 years,the aggregation degree of all land types in Lishui District were high.The fragmentation degree of cultivated land,forest land and construction land changed greatly,while that of other land types changed little.The overall landscape fragmentation was low and changed slightly.The patch Statistical dispersion and landscape spatial connectivity between different land use types changed inversely.(2)During the past 18 years,the level of water and soil conservation in Lishui District was stable,but the level of carbon sequestration,water production and habitat quality showed a downward trend.In terms of spatial distribution,the areas that demonstrated a high carbon sequestration,water production and habitat quality decreased,while those that had low values increased.(3)The mean fractional dimensionality index and the aggregation index were the main landscape pattern factors affecting ecosystem services in Lishui District.The correlation between the interaction of any two of the four landscape pattern indices and the three ecosystem services were higher than that of the single index effect.The combined effects of multiple factors of landscape pattern led to changes in ecosystem services.