原油破乳脱水技术综述

Review of Crude Oil Demulsification and Dehydration Process

随着我国石油和天然气勘探技术的持续改善,许多石油和天然气储层正处于后期开发的关键时期,但由于石油的品质低劣、开采困难,石油中的含水率也在增加。这种情况会严重影响石油的生产、流通和加工,甚至可能导致严重的后果。探讨了原油破乳技术,介绍了原油破乳脱水原理,阐释说明了原油破乳的物理化学机理,介绍了各种破乳技术的实际应用,分析了它们如何影响石化行业的发展。目前已有化学破乳、超声波破乳、物理破乳、电解破乳等多种破乳技术,新型破乳技术逐渐涌现,为石化行业的发展提供有力的支持。

With the continuous improvement of China′s oil and gas exploration technology,many oil and gas reservoirs are in a critical period of later development.However,due to the poor quality of oil and difficulties in extraction,the water content in oil is also increasing.This situation will seriously affect the production,circulation,and processing of oil,and may even lead to serious consequences.Crude oil demulsification technologies are explored,the principles of crude oil demulsification and dehydration are given,the physical and chemical mechanisms of crude oil demulsification are explained,the practical applications of various demulsification technologies are introduced,and the ways they affect the development of the petrochemical industry are introduced.At present,various demulsification technologies are developed,including chemical demulsification,ultrasonic demulsification,physical demulsification,electrolytic demulsification,etc.New demulsification technologies are gradually emerging,and provide strong support for the development of the petrochemical industry.