不同耕作模式和生物炭添加对黑土区土壤氮磷转化及玉米生长的调控

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Transformation of Soil and Growth of Maize in Black Soil Area by Different Tillage Patterns and Biochar Addition

[目的]为探究不同耕作模式和生物炭施加量对黑土区农田土壤氮磷转化和玉米生长发育的影响。[方法]通过野外大田试验,设置2种耕作(深耕和浅耕)和5个生物炭添加处理(0,3,6,9,12 t/hm^(2)),探究不同耕作模式和生物炭施加量对土壤氮磷组分、酶活性及玉米生理特性的综合影响。[结果](1)深耕和浅耕配合施加生物炭可有效改善土壤结构,提高团聚体几何平均直径,降低破坏百分比,且深耕处理效果优于浅耕处理;(2)施加生物炭提高土壤氮磷组分、脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性,施加9 t/hm^(2)生物炭效果最好,且深耕更为显著;(3)深耕处理下生物炭施加量达到9 t/hm^(2)时,提高叶片的全氮、全磷含量和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,降低酸性磷酸酶活性;(4)深耕条件下施加9 t/hm^(2)生物炭的玉米的产量达到17.37 t/hm^(2),相比于0提高28.9%。[结论]深耕处理并施加9 t/hm^(2)生物炭对于黑土区农田养分环境和作物生长提供参考意义。

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the effects of different tillage patterns and biochar addition on soil nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and maize growth and development in farmland in the black soil area.[Methods]Through a field experiment,two tillage treatments(deep tillage and shallow tillage)and five biochar addition treatments(0,3,6,9,and 12 t/hm^(2))were set up to investigate the combined effects of different tillage patterns and biochar addition on soil nitrogen and phosphorus fractions,enzyme activities,and physiological characteristics of maize.[Results](1)Deep tillage and shallow tillage in combination with biochar addition could effectively improve soil structure,increase the geometric mean diameter of agglomerates,and reduce the percentage of damage.The deep tillage treatment was more effective than the shallow tillage treatment.(2)The addition of biochar improved soil nitrogen-phosphorus fractions,urease activity,and alkaline phosphatase activity,and the effect of applying biochar at the rate of 9 t/hm^(2)was the best,which was more pronounced in the deep tillage treatment.(3)The application of biochar up to 9 t/hm^(2)under deep tillage treatment increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents and glutamine synthetase activity of leaves and decreased the acid phosphatase activity.(4)The yield of corn under deep tillage condition with the addition of 9 t/hm^(2)of biochar was as high as 17.37 t/hm^(2),which was increased by 28.9%compared with that of 0 of biochar.[Conclusion]The deep-tillage treatment and addition of 9 t/hm^(2)biochar provided a reference for the nutrient environment and crop growth in agricultural fields in the black soil area.