发酵菜籽粕的营养价值测定及其对育肥猪生长性能的影响

Determination of Nutritional Value of Fermented Rapeseed Meal and Its Effects on Growth Performance of Fattening Pigs

本研究旨在通过消化代谢试验测定发酵菜籽粕(FRSM)和菜籽粕(RSM)的生长猪消化能和代谢能,同时通过T型瘘管手术进行生长猪的回肠末端氨基酸消化率测定,并测定FRSM和RSM对育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验1:采用全收粪法测定RSM和FRSM的生长猪消化能和代谢能。选取18头初始体重为(26.41±3.08)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交去势公猪,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂玉米基础饲粮,试验组以FRSM和RSM替代基础饲粮中25%的玉米。试验期为19 d,包括适应期7 d,预试期7 d,正试期5 d。试验2:采用无氮饲粮和半纯合饲粮法测定FRSM和RSM的氨基酸回肠末端消化率。选取18头初始体重为(22.47±1.74)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交去势公猪,随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂无氮饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加30%的FRSM和RSM的饲粮。试验期为14 d,包括恢复期7 d,预试期5 d,正试期2 d。试验3:选取20头初始体重为(68.43±2.63)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪,随机分成2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。2组分别饲喂含11.2%的RSM和FRSM的试验饲粮。试验期45 d。结果表明:1)在饲喂基础下,FRSM的消化能和代谢能分别为12.00和10.79 MJ/kg,RSM的消化能和代谢能分别为11.12和10.06 MJ/kg。FRSM和RSM的消化能和代谢能存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。2)FRSM的氨基酸表观回肠消化率(AID)和标准回肠消化率(SID)分别为55.62%~78.72%和62.71%~83.14%,其中FRSM的赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸的SID分别为71.51%、71.45%、81.69%、76.79%和74.36%。RSM的氨基酸AID和SID分别为47.74%~77.11%和53.94%~79.98%,其中RSM的赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸和缬氨酸的SID分别为65.17%、63.65%、79.98%、67.47%和66.26%。3)与RSM组相比,FRSM组的平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,与RSM相比,FRSM具有较高的生长猪消化能、代谢能和氨基酸AID、SID,可以提高育肥猪ADG,降低F/G。

The aim of this study was to determine the digestible energy and metabolizable energy of fermented rapeseed meal(FRSM)and rapeseed meal(RSM)for growing pigs by digestion and metabolism test,and the ileum terminal amino acid digestibility of growing pigs was determined by T-fistula surgery,then the effects of FRSM and RSM on growth performance of fattening pigs were measured.In experiment 1,the digestible energy and metabolizable energy of RSM and FRSM for growing pigs were determined by total manure collection method.Eighteen“Duroc×Landraces×Yorkshire”hybrid castrated boars with initial body weight of(26.41±3.08)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate.Pigs in the control group were fed a corn basal diet,and the others in experimental groups were fed the basal diet with FRSM and RSM replacing 25%corn.The experiment period was 19 days,including 7 days of adaptation period,7 days of pre-experimental period and 5 days of formal period.In experiment 2,the ileum terminal amino acid digestibility of FRSM and RSM was determined by nitrogen-free diet and semi-homozygous diet.Eighteen“Duroc×Landraces×Yorkshire”hybrid castrated boars with initial body weight of(22.47±1.74)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate.Pigs in the control group were fed a nitrogen-free diet,and the others in experimental groups were fed the diets supplemented with 30%FRSM and RSM.The experiment lasted for 14 days,including 7 days of recovery,5 days of pre-experimental period and 2 days of formal period.In experiment 3,twenty(Duroc×Landraces×Yorkshire)hybrid pigs with initial body weight of(68.43±2.63)kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate.Pigs in 2 groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 11.2%RSM and FRSM,respectively.The experiment lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:1)on the feeding basis,the digestible energy and metabolizable energy of FRSM were 12.00 and 10.79 MJ/kg,respectively,and the digestible energy and metabolizable energy of RSM were 11.12 and 10.06 MJ/kg,respectively.There were significant differences in digestible energy and metabolizable energy of FRSM and RSM(P<0.01).2)The apparent ileal digestibility(AID)and standard ileal digestibility(SID)of amino acids of FRSM were 55.62%to 78.72%and 62.71%to 83.14%,respectively,and the SID of lysine,threonine,methionine,tryptophan and valine of FRSM were 71.51%,71.45%,81.69%,76.79%and 74.36%,respectively.The AID and SID of amino acids of RSM were 47.74%to 77.11%and 53.94%to 79.98%,and the SID of lysine,threonine,methionine,tryptophan and valine of RSM were 65.17%,63.65%,79.98%,67.47%and 66.26%,respectively.3)Compared with RSM group,the average daily gain(ADG)of FRSM group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio(F/G)was significantly decreased(P<0.01).In summary,compared with RSM,the FRSM has higher digestible energy and metabolizable energy and AID and SID of amino acids,which can increase the ADG and reduce the F/G of fattening pigs.