饲粮中添加不同比例啤酒糟对泌乳水牛生产性能、乳成分和瘤胃发酵参数的影响

Effects of Different Proportions of Brewer’s Grains in Diets on Performance,Milk Composition and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Lactating Buffaloes

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例啤酒糟对泌乳水牛生产性能、乳成分和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取体况良好,泌乳期、产犊胎次和产奶量相近的健康水牛42头,随机分为3个组,每组14头。各组饲粮中啤酒糟与豆粕的比例分别为50∶50(Ⅰ组)、75∶25(Ⅱ组)和100∶0(Ⅲ组)。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组泌乳水牛干物质采食量极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01),产奶量和标准乳产量显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)饲粮中添加不同比例啤酒糟对泌乳水牛乳密度、乳蛋白率、乳脂率、全乳固体含量、非乳脂固体含量、乳糖率、乳酸度和乳中游离脂肪酸含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组乳蛋白和乳糖产量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),乳脂产量极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。3)Ⅲ组泌乳水牛瘤胃pH和乳酸含量极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.01);随着饲粮中啤酒糟添加比例的提高,瘤胃氨态氮(NH3-N)含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。Ⅲ组瘤胃乙酸含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅲ组瘤胃丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量(TVFA)显著或极显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05或P<0.01);Ⅲ组瘤胃乙酸/丙酸值显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。各组间瘤胃乙酸/TVFA、丙酸/TVFA和丁酸/TVFA值均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,考虑本试验条件下泌乳水牛的干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分和瘤胃发酵参数,采用100%啤酒糟替代豆粕的饲粮饲喂泌乳水牛效果较好,在实际生产中可以采用啤酒糟替代饲粮中的豆粕。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of brewer’s grains on performance,milk composition and rumen fermentation parameters of lactating buffaloes.A total of 42 healthy buffaloes with good body condition,similar lactation period,calving parity and milk yield were randomly divided into 3 groups with 14 buffaloes in each group.The proportions of brewer’s grains to soybean meal in diets of all groups were 50∶50(groupⅠ),75∶25(groupⅡ)and 100∶0(groupⅢ),respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 30 days.The results showed as follows:1)the dry matter intake of lactating buffaloes in groupⅢwas extremely significantly higher than that in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.01),and the milk yield and standard milk yield in groupⅢwere significantly or extremely significantly higher than those in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05 or P<0.01).2)Dietary brewer’s grains had no significant effects on milk density,milk protein rate,milk fat rate,milk total solid content,non-milk fat solid content,milk lactose rate,milk acidity and milk free fatty acid content of lactating buffaloes(P>0.05).The milk protein and lactose yields in groupⅢwere significantly higher than those in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05),and the milk fat yield in groupⅢwas extremely significantly higher than that in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.01).3)The rumen pH and lactic acid content of lactating buffaloes in groupⅢwere extremely significantly higher than those in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.01);the rumen ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)content was extremely significantly decreased with the increase of dietary brewer’s grains proportion(P<0.01).The ruminal acetic acid content in groupⅢwas significantly lower than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05);the rumen contents of propionic acid,butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)in groupⅢwere extremely significantly or significantly lower than those in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the rumen ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in groupⅢwas significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in rumen ratios of acetic acid to TVFA,propionic acid to TVFA and butyric acid to TVFA among all groups(P>0.05).In conclusion,considering the dry matter intake,milk yield,milk composition and rumen fermentation parameters of lactating buffaloes under the experimental conditions,it is better to feed lactating buffaloes with 100%brewer’s grains instead of soybean meal,and brewer’s grains can be used to replace soybean meal in the diet in actual production.