饲粮精粗比对泌乳盛期文登奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Dietary Concentration to Coarse Ratio on Lactation Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indicators of Wendeng Dairy Goats during Peak Lactation Period

本试验旨在探究饲粮精粗比对泌乳盛期文登奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。试验配制5种饲粮,其粗蛋白质(CP)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量基本一致饲粮,但精粗比分别为70:30(D70组)、60:40(D60组)、50:50(D50组)、40:60(D40组)、30:70(D30组)。选用体重(45.28±1.24)kg、产奶量(2.11±0.27)kg/d、3胎且处于泌乳盛期(产羔90 d)的体况健康的文登奶山羊60只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复4只羊。试验期为75 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果显示:1)D70组的平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);D70组和D60组的日平均产奶量(DMY)极显著高于D50组、D40组和D30组(P<0.01),且D70组显著高于D60组(P<0.05);D70组和D60组的4%标准乳(4%FCM)产量极显著高于D50组、D40组和D30组(P<0.01);D30组的料奶比(F/M)极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);D30组的乳脂率极显著高于D70组(P<0.01),显著高于D60组和D50组(P<0.05);D70组的乳蛋白率和乳糖率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。2)D70组的干物质(DM)和CP表观消化率极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);D70组和D60组的粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率极显著高于D50组、D40组和D30组(P<0.01);D70组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)表观消化率极显著高于D40组和D30组(P<0.01),显著高于D50组(P<0.05)。3)D70组、D60组和D50组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于D40组和D30组(P<0.05);D50组、D40组和D30组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性显著高于D70组和D60组(P<0.05);D70组血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);D30组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于D70组、D60组和D50组(P<0.05);D60组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量极显著高于D40组和D30组(P<0.01),显著高于D50组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮精粗比为70:30时泌乳盛期文登奶山羊的泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、抗氧化和免疫功能较好。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary concentrate to coarse ratio on lactation performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indicators of Wendeng dairy goats during peak lactation period.Five diets were prepared for the experiment,and the contents of crude protein(CP),calcium(Ca)and phosphorus(P)in each diet were basically the same.The concentrate to coarse ratio the five diets were 70∶30(D70 group),60∶40(D60 group),50∶50(D50 group),40∶60(D40 group)and 30∶70(D30 group),respectively.Sixty healthy Wendeng dairy goats with the body weight of(45.28±1.24)kg,milk production of(2.11±0.27)kg/d,3 parities and lactation peak period(90 days of lambing)were selected and randomly divided into five groups,with three replicates in each group and four goats in each replicate.The experimental period was 75 days,with a pre-trial period of 15 days and a trial period of 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)the daily average feed intake(ADFI)of the D70 group was extremely significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.01);the daily average milk yield(DMY)of D70 and D60 groups was extremely significantly higher than that of D50,D40 and D30 groups(P<0.01),and the D70 group was significantly higher than the D60 group(P<0.05);the 4%fat corrected milk(4%FCM)yield of D70 and D60 groups was extremely significantly higher than that of D50,D40 and D30 groups(P<0.01);the feed to milk ratio(F/M)of the D30 group was extremely significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.01);the milk fat percentage in the D30 group was extremely significantly higher than that of the D70 group(P<0.01),and significantly higher than that of the D60 and D50 groups(P<0.05);the milk protein percentage and lactose percentage of the D70 group were significantly higher than those of the other groups(P<0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM)and CP in the D70 group was extremely significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.01),while the apparent digestibility of ether extract(EE)of the D70 and D60 groups was extremely significantly higher than that of the D50,D40 and D30 groups(P<0.01);the extremely apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acidic detergent fiber(ADF)and acidic detergent lignin(ADL)of the D70 group was extremely significantly higher than that of the D40 and D30 groups(P<0.01),and significantly higher than that of the D50 group(P<0.05).3)The serum glucose(GLU)content of the D70,D60 and D50 groups were significantly higher than those of the D40 and D30 groups(P<0.05);the alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity of the D50,D40 and D30 groups was significantly higher than that of the D70 and D60 groups(P<0.05);the total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity of the D70 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05);the malondialdehyde(MDA)content of the D30 group was significantly higher than that of the D70,D60 and D50 groups(P<0.05);the immunoglobulin A(IgA)content of the D60 group was extremely significantly higher than that of the D40 and D30 groups(P<0.01),and significantly higher than that of the D50 group(P<0.05).In summary,the lactation performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,antioxidant and immune functions of Wendeng dairy goats during peak lactation period are better when dietary concentrate to coarse ratio is 70∶30.