饲粮不同比例番茄秸秆替代花生秧对肉兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和盲肠微生物结构的影响

Effects of Different Ratios of Tomato Straw Substituted for Peanut Straw in Diets on Growth Performance,Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Cecal Microbial Structure of Meet Rabbits

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同比例番茄秸秆替代花生秧对肉兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和盲肠微生物结构的影响。选取体重相近的140只60日龄肉兔(公母各占1/2),按照平均体重分为4组(每组17或18只公兔,每组35个重复,每个重复1只兔),分别饲喂不同比例番茄秸秆替代花生秧的全价配合饲料,替代比例分别为0(对照组)、5%(TS5组)、10%(TS10组)和20%(TS20组)。预试期3 d,正试期31 d。结果显示:饲粮中添加番茄秸秆对肉兔平均日采食量、脏器指数和盲肠微生物结构均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮中番茄秸秆的添加降低肉兔死亡率和腹泻率。与对照组相比,TS5组和TS10组肉兔的平均日增重和料重比没有显著改变(P>0.05),但是TS20组平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),TS20组料重比显著升高(P<0.05)。随着番茄秸秆替代比例的增加,背最长肌黄度值呈现先升高后降低的趋势,TS10组黄度值最高。与对照组相比,TS5组和TS10组的小肠长度显著增加(P <0.05),TS20组没有显著变化(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,番茄秸秆的添加显著提高粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和粗灰分表观消化率(P<0.05),TS5组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加番茄秸秆并未对肉兔盲肠微生物结构产生显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中用5%~10%的番茄秸秆替代花生秧能够降低肉兔腹泻率和死亡率,调节小肠发育,提高饲粮中部分营养物质的消化率,建议饲粮中番茄秸秆替代比例不超过10%。

This experiment aimed to study the effects of different ratios of tomato straw substituted for peanut straw in diets on growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and cecal microbial structure in meet rabbits.In the present experiment,a total of 140 rabbits(60-day-old,half male and half female)with similar weight were selected and divided into 4 groups(17 or 18 male rabbits in each group,35 replicates per group,1 rabbit per replicate):rabbits in 4 groups were fed the full-valued compound feed(tomato straw instead of peanut straw)supplemented with 0(control group),5%(TS5 group),10%(TS10 group)and 20%(TS20 group),respectively.The pretest period lasted for 3 days,and the test period lasted for 31 days.The results showed that dietary addition of tomato straw had no significant effects on the average daily feed intake,organ indexes and cecal microbial structure(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the application of tomato straw in diets reduced the mortality rate and diarrhea rate of meat rabbits.Compared with the control group,the average daily gain and feed/gain of meat rabbits in TS5 and TS10 groups did not change significantly(P>0.05),but the average daily gain of meat rabbits in TS20 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the feed/gain of meat rabbits in TS20 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).With the increase of tomato straw replacement ratio,the yellowness value of longissimus dorsi showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the yellowness value in TS10 group was the highest.Compared with the control group,the length of the small intestine in the TS5 and TS10 groups increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant change in the TS20 group(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the application of tomato straw significantly increased the apparent digestibility of crude fat,neutral detergent fiber and crude ash(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibility of crude protein in TS5 group significantly increased(P<0.05).Dietary tomato straw had no significant effect on cecal microbial structure of meat rabbits(P>0.05).In conclusion,tomato straw substitution of 5%and 10%peanut straw in diets can reduce the diarrhea rate and mortality rate in meat rabbits,regulate the development of small intestine,and improve the digestibility of some nutrients in diets.It is recommended that the proportion of tomato straw substitution in diet should not exceed 10%.