运载火箭静力试验加载装置结构拓扑优化设计

Structural Topology Optimization Design of Loading Device in Static Testing for Launch Vehicles

针对运载火箭结构静力试验中工装部件多、重量大的情况,开展轻量化设计,提出一种加载装置精细拓扑优化方法。基于变密度法,构造了以柔顺度最小为目标函数、以体积比为约束条件的拓扑优化模型,通过分段选取材料密度值,实现了结构精细拓朴。根据优化结果确定主承力结构及可减重部分,采用最小二乘法对结构不规则边界进行曲面拟合以提高其工艺性。最终承载1 500 t轴压的加载装置单个减重19.7%,结构应力和变形减小且分布更为均匀。本研究对于飞行器结构力学试验高承载部件的设计具有参考意义和实用价值。

Aiming at the situation of multiple components and heavy weight in static testing for launch vehicle structures,lightweight design is carried out,and a refined topology optimization method for loading devices is proposed.Based on the variable density method,a topology optimization model with minimum compliance as the objective function and volume ratio as the constraint condition is constructed.The fine topology of the structure is realized by selecting the density value of the material in sections.According to the optimization results,the main bearing structure and the weight reduction part are determined,and the least square method is used to fit the irregular boundary surface to improve the manufacturability.The final load device bearing 1 500 tons axial pressure lost 19.7% of weight,and the structural stress and deformation are reduced and distributed more evenly.This study has practical value for the high load-bearing components design in structural mechanics experiments of vehicles.