高性能高分子材料体系自立自强发展战略研究

Independent Development Strategy of High-Performance Polymers

高性能高分子材料具有高强高模、高绝缘、耐腐蚀、耐辐照或绿色低碳等特点,是保障国家安全和国民经济发展的战略性材料之一,广泛应用于航空航天、电子电器、生物医疗等重要领域。本文系统梳理了高性能树脂及工程塑料、有机纤维、生物基树脂及可降解材料、特种橡胶及弹性体四大类高性能高分子材料中的重点品种,分析了国内外重点品种的发展现状和特点。研究发现,目前我国在高性能高分子材料方面已建立起比较完备的化工原料–合成–加工改性–制品应用上下游产业体系,但同时也存在关键原料保障不足、产品应用开发有待拓展等问题。在此基础上,从加强技术创新、推进关键原料保障、组建创新联合体等方面提出对策建议,以期为我国高性能高分子材料体系发展提供参考。

High-performance polymers have become a strategic material to ensure national security and national economic development owing to their excellent comprehensive properties.They have been widely applied in important fields such as aerospace,electronics,and medical devices.This study reviews the key varieties of high-performance polymers in four categories:high-performance resins and engineering plastics,organic fibers,bio-based resins and degradable materials,and special rubber and elastomers.The current status and characteristics of key high-performance polymers in China and abroad are analyzed.The study revealed that an industrialization system,including chemical raw material synthesis,modification,and product application,has been established in China.Besides,the current development challenges like the insufficient supply of key raw materials and limited development and application of products are discussed.Accordingly,relevant suggestion for technological innovation,key raw material security,and industrial innovation consortia construction are proposed,paving the way for the development of high performance polymers in China.