2022年枣庄市重点职业病监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of key occupational diseases in Zaozhuang City in 2022

目的 分析2022年枣庄市接触重点职业病危害因素劳动者的健康状况,为职业卫生监管部门制定相关防治措施提供参考依据。方法 依托2022年1月1日—12月31日职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统上报数据,建立数据库,对重点职业病监测结果异常检出率进行分析。结果 在岗劳动者矽尘疑似职业病检出率为0.11%,煤尘疑似职业病检出率为0.04%,噪声疑似职业病检出率为0.003%,矽尘岗前职业禁忌证检出率为0.70%,噪声岗前职业禁忌证检出率为1.07%,苯在岗期间职业禁忌证检出率为0.08%。矽尘作业人员尘肺样改变异常率为0.08%,均为男性,均来自建筑用石加工行业。煤尘作业人员胸片异常主要集中在采矿业,其中2例尘肺样改变均出自烟煤和无烟煤开采洗选业,其他异常783例,异常率11.74%,男性异常率(12.11%)高于女性(4.62%)。接触粉尘劳动者肺功能检查指标异常率从高到低依次为用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC%)异常(17.44%)、1秒用力呼出量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1.0%)异常(5.98%)、FEV1.0/FVC%异常(0.78%)。苯接触工人专项指标其中以白细胞(5.91%)及中性粒细胞减少异常居多(5.58%)。女性白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板异常率均高于男性。男性双耳高频平均听阈异常率(7.32%)高于女性(1.61%),不同年龄段、工龄段噪声作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常率有随年龄、工龄增长而升高的趋势。结论 2022年枣庄市职业健康风险最大的职业病危害因素为噪声,其次为粉尘,枣庄市的职业病治理应以尘肺的防治为主,结合职业病危害专项治理及中小微企业职业健康帮扶行动,对超标的石英石板材加工企业进行定点帮扶。

Objective To analyze the health status of workers exposed to key occupational hazards in Zaozhuang City in 2022,provide scientific reference for the occupational health regulatory authorities to formulate relevant prevention and control measures.Methods Based on the data reported by the occupational disease and health hazard monitoring information system from January 1 to December 31,2022,a database was established to analyze the abnormal detection rate of key occupational disease monitoring results.Results The detection rate of suspected occupational diseases caused by silica dust among the workers was0.11%,the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases caused by coal dust was 0.04%,and the detection rate of suspected occupational diseases caused by noise was 0.003%,all of which were lower than the average level in Shandong Province.The detection rate of occupational contraindications for silica dust was 0.70%,the detection rate of occupational contraindications for noise was 1.07%,and the detection rate of occupational contraindications for benzene was 0.08%.The abnormal rate of pneumoconiosis like changes in silica dust workers was 0.08%,all of whom were male and came from the construction stone processing industry.The chest radiograph abnormalities of coal dust workers were mainly concentrated in the mining industry,of which two cases of pneumoconiosis like changes were from the bituminous coal and anthracite mining and washing industry,and there were 783 cases of other abnormalities,with an abnormality rate of 11.74%,and the abnormality rate of men(12.11%) was higher than that of women(4.62%).The abnormal rate of lung function test indicators in workers exposed to dust ranked from high to low as forced vital capacity(FVC%) abnormality(17.44%),followed by forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1.0%) abnormality(5.98%),and finally as FEV1.0/FVC% abnormality(0.78%).Among the special indicators for workers exposed to benzene,the majority were abnormal reduction in white blood cells(5.91%) and neutrophils(5.58%).The abnormal rates of white blood cells,neutrophils,and platelets in women were higher than those in men.The abnormal rate of bilateral high-frequency average hearing thresholds in males(7.32%) was higher than that in females(1.61%).The abnormal rate of bilateral high-frequency average hearing threshold in noise exposed workers of different age groups and working years showed an increasing trend with age and working years.Conclusion The occupational hazard factor with the highest occupational health risk in Zaozhuang City is noise,followed by dust,and the occupational disease control in Zaozhuang City should mainly focus on the control of pneumoconiosis,and in combination with the special treatment of occupational hazards and the occupational health assistance action for small and medium-sized enterprises,and provide targeted assistance to quartz stone processing enterprises that exceed the standard.