中部某省重点职业人群职业紧张、抑郁和焦虑状况分析

Analysis on occupational stress,depression and anxiety among key occupational groups in a central province

目的 评估2022年中部某省重点职业人群职业紧张、抑郁和焦虑状况及影响因素。方法 第二产业以企业为单位进行整群抽样,第三产业采用按规模大小成比例的概率抽样法(probability proportionate to size sampling,PPS)抽样,2022年3—12月共调查208家用人单位12 410名一线从业人员。采用全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷,通过移动终端进行现场调查,收集调查对象基本信息、职业紧张、抑郁和焦虑状况,实时上传监测系统,并对数据进行分析。结果 中部某省重点职业人群职业紧张发生率为28.4%,抑郁发生率为74.6%,焦虑发生率为38.2%,且职业紧张、抑郁和焦虑两两间均呈中度正相关(均P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、户口、行业、单位性质、单位规模、周工作时间及夜班的职业人群职业紧张、焦虑和抑郁的发生情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男性、<40岁、不识字/识字很少、非农业户口、化学原料及制品制造业、国有企业、企业规模≥1 000人、周工作时长>55 h及夜班的重点职业人群职业紧张发生率较高。大学本科、30~<40岁、非农业户口、教育行业、企业规模≥1 000人、周工作时长>55 h及夜班的重点职业人群抑郁和焦虑程度均较严重,而国有企业劳动者抑郁较严重,事业单位劳动者焦虑较严重。Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度增加、职业紧张、夜班、单位规模大及周工作时间长增加了重点职业人群心理异常的风险;农业户口、年龄增加、未婚及月收入增加降低了职业人群心理异常的风险;与煤炭开采洗选业比较,其他行业类型的职业人群均出现了心理异常风险的增加,尤其是教育业增加明显;相对于国有企业,民营和其他类型企业职业人群心理异常风险降低。结论 中部某省重点职业人群存在不同程度的职业紧张、抑郁和焦虑,等心理问题,政府、社会、用人单位和个人应明确责任和义务改善职业人数的心理状态。

Objective To assess the occupational stress,depression,and anxiety status and influencing factors among key occupational groups in a central province in 2022.Methods The secondary industry conducts cluster sampling based on enterprises,while the tertiary industry adopts probability-proportional-to-size sampling(PPS).From March to December 2022,a total of 12 410 frontline employees from 208 household units were surveyed.The personal questionnaire for occupational health literacy monitoring of key population were administered to collect basic information,occupational stress,depression,and anxiety of surveyed people by field investigation using mobile terminal and upload the monitoring system in real-time,and the data were analyzed.Results The incidence of occupational stress,depression and anxiety among key occupational groups in one central province were 28.4%,74.6% and 38.2%,respectively.There was a moderate positive correlation among occupational stress,depression and anxiety(all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the occurrence of occupational stress,anxiety and depression among different genders,ages,education levels,household registration,industries,unit nature,unit size,weekly working hours,night shifts(all P<0.05).The incidence of occupational stress were higher among key occupational groups,including male,age <40 years old,illiterate/rarely literate,non-agricultural household registration,chemical raw material and product manufacturing industry,state-owned enterprises,enterprise size ≥1 000 people,weekly working hours >55 hours and night shifts.Undergraduate students,30-<40 years old,non-agricultural registered permanent residence,education industry,enterprise size of more than 1 000 people,weekly working hours >55 hours and night shift workers had more serious depression and anxiety,while state-owned enterprise workers had more serious depression and public institution workers had more serious anxiety.Logistic regression analysis showed that increased cultural level,occupational stress,night shift,large unit size and long working hours weekly increased the risk of psychological abnormalities in key occupational groups,while agricultural household,the increase in age,registration unmarried population and the increase of monthly income reduced the risk of psychological abnormalities among key occupational groups.Compared with the coal mining and washing industry,the psychological abnormalities in other industries were increased,especially in the education industry.Compared with state-owned enterprises,the psychological abnormalities of private and other types of enterprises showed a downward trend.Conclusions The key occupational groups in a central province has varying degrees of occupational stress,depression,and anxiety.The government,society,employers and individuals should clarify their responsibilities and obligations,and to improve the psychological state of the occupational groups.