2012—2021年北京市西城区居民死亡原因及趋势分析

Analysis on causes and trends of death among residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City from 2012 to 2021

目的 分析2012—2021年北京市西城区居民死亡原因、分布及变化趋势,为疾病防控决策提供依据。方法 收集2012—2021年北京市西城区户籍居民死亡资料,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成比和年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)等指标,分析全死因死亡情况和变化趋势。结果 2012—2021年北京市西城区居民粗死亡率为708.41/10万,标化死亡率为320.51/10万,粗死亡率随年份变化呈上升趋势(t=3.968,P<0.01),APC值为2.34%。男性标化死亡率明显高于女性(χ^(2)=11.342,P<0.01)。随着年龄的增长,粗死亡率呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=224.36,P<0.01)。死因顺位前五位依次为恶性肿瘤(225.15/10万)、心脏病(185.14/10万)、脑血管疾病(120.96/10万)、呼吸系统疾病(96.65/10万)、损伤和中毒(25.68/10万),占全部死亡的84.18%。其中心脏病、脑血管疾病、损伤和中毒的死亡率呈上升趋势,APC值分别为2.48%、4.96%和3.37%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恶性肿瘤及呼吸系统疾病的死亡率呈下降趋势,APC值分别为-0.24%和-9.27%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。0~<15岁组的第1位死因是起源于围生期的疾病,15~<45岁组及45~<65岁组第1位死因均为恶性肿瘤,≥65岁组第1位死因是心脏病。结论 2012—2021年北京市西城区居民死亡率呈上升趋势,男性标化死亡率明显高于女性。恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病为主的慢性非传染性疾病及损伤和中毒是危害西城区居民健康的主要原因。应该采取综合性的防制措施,降低慢性病及损伤和中毒的死亡率,保护居民的健康。

Objective To analyze the causes,distribution,and change trend of death among residents in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2012 to 2021,providing decision-making basis for disease prevention and control.Methods The death data of registered residence residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City from 2012 to 2021 were collected,and the mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,death ratio and the annual percentage change(APC) and other indicators were calculated,and analyzed the situation and change trend of all cause deaths.Results From 2012 to 2021,the crude mortality rate of residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City was 708.41/100 000,and the standardized mortality rate was 320.51/100 000.The crude mortality rate showed an upward trend with the change of years(t=3.968,P<0.01),and the APC value was 2.34%.The standardized mortality rate of males was significantly higher than that in females(χ^(2)=11.342,P<0.01).The crude mortality rate showed an increasing trend with age(χ_(trend)^(2)=224.36,P<0.01).The top five causes of death in order were malignant tumors(225.15/100 000),heart disease(185.14/100 000),cerebrovascular diseases(120.96/100 000),respiratory diseases(96.65/100 000),injuries and poisoning(25.68/100 000),accounting for 84.18% of all deaths.Among them,the mortality rates of heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,injury and poisoning showed an increasing trend,with APC values of 2.48%,4.96% and 3.37%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The mortality rates of malignant tumors and respiratory diseases showed a downward trend,with APC values of-0.24% and-9.27%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The leading cause of death in the 0-<15 age group was perinatal diseases,the leading cause of death in the 15-<45 and 45-<65 age group were all malignant tumors,and the leading cause of death in the ≥65 age group was heart disease.Conclusions The mortality rate of residents in Xicheng District of Beijing City showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2021,with male standardized mortality rates significantly higher than females.Chronic non communicable diseases,mainly malignant tumors,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory system diseases,as well as injuries and poisoning,are the main causes of harm to the health of residents in our region.Comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the mortality rate of chronic diseases,injuries and poisoning,and protect the health of residents.