2013—2021年汉中市输入性疟疾流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Hanzhong City from 2013 to 2021

目的 了解汉中市11个区县疟疾的流行病学特征及诊断现状,为提高防治能力提供科学依据。方法 收集2013—2021年汉中市疟疾病例个案调查数据,采用流行病学方法分析疟疾流行特征。结果 2013—2021年汉中市血液检测22 737人次,疟疾病例总阳性率稳定在低位,不同年份疟疾病例占总人口比例比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疟疾患者共38例,均为输入性病例,38例疟疾病例中,境外输入占89.5%(34/38),其余4例为国内云南地区感染,境外输入地区以非洲为主,占78.9%(30/38)。疟疾类型多数为恶性疟和间日疟,分别占63.2%(24/38)和26.3%(10/38),卵形疟占7.9%(3/38),三日疟占2.6%(1/38),疟疾病例发病集中在2、5和11月。对38例疟疾病例的地区分析发现,平原地区多于山地地区,疟疾感染病例全部为男性,年龄集中在青壮年,疟疾病例各年份初诊到确诊时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验室初诊诊断正确率为89.5%(34/38)。结论 汉中市所有疟疾均为输入性,区县医疗卫生机构疟疾检测能力逐渐提高。建议多部门合作加强人员分类管理并进一步提高辖区内医疗卫生机构疟疾诊断应能力,为预防疟疾传播提供可靠保障。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic status of malaria in 11 districts and counties of Hanzhong City,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the ability of prevention and control.Methods The data of malaria epidemic situation and malaria case investigation in Hanzhong City from 2013 to 2021 were collected,and the epidemic characteristics of malaria were analyzed by the epidemiological methods.Results From 2013 to 2021,totally 22 737 person-time of blood tests were carried out in Hanzhong City,and the total positive rate of malaria cases was stable at a low level.The difference in the proportion of malaria cases to the total population was statistically significant among different years(P<0.05).There were 38 malaria cases,and all of them were imported.Among 38 malaria cases,89.5%(34/38) were imported from abroad,and the remaining 4 cases were infected in Yunnan area of China.The overseas import regions were mainly Africa,accounting for 78.9%(30/38).The majority of malaria types were falciparum malaria and vivax malaria,accounting for 63.2%(24/38) and 26.3%(10/38) respectively,ovale malaria accounted for 7.9%(3/38),and three-day malaria accounted for 2.6%(1/38).The onset of malaria cases was concentrated in February,May and November.The region analysis of 38 malaria cases showed that the number of malaria cases in the plain area was more than that in the mountain area.All of malaria infection cases were male,and the age was concentrated in young adults.The difference in the time from initial diagnosis to diagnosis of malaria cases was statistically significant among different years(P<0.05).The total correct rate of laboratory initial diagnosis was 89.5%(34/38).Conclusions All malaria cases in Hanzhong City are imported cases.The malaria detection capacity of district and county medical and health institutions has been gradually improved.It is suggested that multi-sector cooperation should strengthen personnel classification management,further improve the ability of malaria diagnosis in medical and health institutions in the area,and provide reliable guarantee for preventing the spread of malaria.