马克思早期的共产主义思想及其人学意蕴

Early Marx's Thought on Communism and Its Significance of Hominology

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中阐述了共产主义的三种类型。人们通常把是否扬弃了私有财产作为界分共产主义类型的标准,而忽视马克思论述共产主义类型时内在遵循的人的“自由个性”这一维度。只有综合“物”的判定标准即私有财产和“人”的判定标准即自由个性,才能更准确全面地理解马克思的共产主义理论及其类型学划分。马克思是从是否积极扬弃了私有财产和是否能扬弃人的自我异化,进而恢复人的自由个性双重视角论证“真正的共产主义”的。坚持私有财产和人的自由个性的双重分析视角,可以对马克思早期的共产主义思想作出正确合理的分析。由此,也能更充分地彰显马克思早期共产主义思想的人学意蕴。

Marx expounds three kinds of communism in Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844.However,people generally pay more attention to distinguishing these in terms of the private property and almost ignore the perspective of"free individuality":In my view,it is accurate and all-round to grasp his statements and classification on communism from the perspectives of both"thing"and"person',which point to the private property and the free individuality separately.Furthermore,Marx justifies the"true communism"on the basis of two theoretical standards,that is to say,one is whether to sublate the private property,and the other is whether to sublate the self-alienation of human being and to regain its free individuality.Only doing like this,we can discover the significance of hominology of his thought on communism.