马克思货币理论的演进及其当代价值

The Formation of Marx's Monetary Theory and Its Contemporary Value

马克思货币理论的演进经历了几个阶段。青年马克思对货币问题的理解经历了从类本质异化,到资产阶级生产关系的必然表现形式的过程;写作《伦敦笔记》时期,马克思意识到阐明货币理论和劳动价值论内在关系,以及区分货币职能的必要性;在《政治经济学批判(1857-1858年手稿)》中,马克思深化了对货币和价值关系的认识,将价值明确定义为资产阶级社会关系,货币是其表现;《政治经济学批判(1861-1863年手稿)》的平均利润与生产价格理论,实现了货币理论与资本主义生产过程的真正统一;在《资本论》中,马克思通过价值形式分析,完成了他货币理论的理论基础,立足价值形式分析,信用货币也就可以得到合理解释。完整理解马克思货币理论的演进,可以为我们分析和把握20世纪以来货币的新形式、新发展以及随之而来的新问题提供理论启示。

Marx research on monetary theary has gone throngh several stages.Young Marxs understanding of money has gone through a process of understanding from the alienation of the human essence,to the inevitable expression of the bourgeois relations of production;The Studies in London Notebooks made Marx realized the necessity of clarifying the inner relationship between the monetary money and the labor theory of value,as well as the need to distinguish between the functions of money;in the Critique of Political Economy(Manuscripts of 1857-58),Marx deepened his understanding of the relationship between money and value,defining value explicitly as a bourgeois social relation,of which money is the expression.The theory of average profit and the price of production in the Critique of Political Economy(Manuscripts of 1861-63)realized the true unity of the monetary theory and the capitalist production process.And later in Capital,Marx completed the theoretical foundation of his monetary theory through the analysis of the value-form,based on the value-form analysis,credit money can also be reasonably explained.A systematic understanding of Marx's monetary theory can provide theoretical insights for us to analyze and grasp the new form and development of money and the new problems that come along with it since the 20th century.