免疫细胞在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用研究进展

Progress in the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma

支气管哮喘是由各种免疫细胞共同参与的慢性气道炎症性疾病。T淋巴细胞[包括1型辅助T(Th1)细胞、Th2细胞、Th17细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)、滤泡辅助性T(Tfh)细胞和细胞毒性T(Tc)细胞]、固有淋巴样细胞(ILC)、B细胞、粒细胞(肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞)、巨噬细胞及树突状细胞(DC)等作为参与哮喘免疫机制的主要角色,被变应原激活后,分泌各自特异性细胞因子,其在功能上相互作用、相互联系,形成复杂的哮喘相关免疫细胞相互作用网络体系。哮喘相关免疫细胞以固有免疫和获得性免疫,细胞免疫和体液免疫等免疫应答的方式,进行多靶点和多环节的动态调控免疫机制参与哮喘发病机制。Treg、调节性B细胞(Breg)、巨噬细胞及DC的免疫抑制作用有待进一步深入研究,有望成为治疗哮喘和研发新药的重要靶点。

Bronchial asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that involves various immune cells.As the main roles in asthma immune mechanism,T lymphocytes[T helper type 1(Th1)cells,Th2 cells,Th17 cells,regulatory T cells(Tregs),T follicular helper(Tfh)cells and cytotoxic T(Tc)cells],innate lymphoid cells(ILCs),B cells,granulocytes(mast cells,eosinophils,basophils,neutrophils),macrophages as well as dendritic cells(DC)are activated by allergens and secrete their own specific cytokines.They interact with each other in function and form a complex asthma-related immune cell interaction network system.Asthma-related immune cells participate in the pathogenesis of asthma by conducting multi-target and multi-link dynamic regulation of immune mechanism through the innate and acquired immunity,cellular and humoral immunity.It needs to be further studied that the immunosuppressive effects of Tregs,Bregs,macrophages and dendritic cells,which are expected to become important targets for the treatment of asthma and development of new drugs.