金代社会思潮对刘完素、张从正与张元素脏腑观的影响

Influence of social thought in the Jin dynasty on LIU Wansu,ZHANG Congzheng and ZHANG Yuansu's views on the organs

刘完素、张从正与张元素作为金代三位杰出的医学家,后世对其研究,多受到清代纪昀在《四库全书总目提要·卷一百三·子部十三》提出“医之门户分于金、元”的影响,往往重在强调金代三家在学术思想上的差异。本研究通过分析金代三家在脏腑观的认识,发现金代三家均高度重视自然运气变化与人身脏腑之联系,形成了以“天地六位藏象图”为核心的共识;同时,也发现脏腑与十二地支、六气配属关系是金代三家脏腑观的显著差异,并分析了金代三家脏腑观异同的影响因素。本研究为全面认识金代医学成就与医家学术思想提供了更加丰富的依据,对于全面认识金代的医学发展具有积极的意义,同时对于完善中医学术发展史的认识具有重要的学术价值。

LIU Wansu,ZHANG Congzheng and ZHANG Yuansu,as three outstanding medical experts of the Jin dynasty,were often influenced by the academic differences among the three schools in the Jin dynasty,as proposed by JI Yun of the Qing dynasty who put forward that ‘the gateway of medicine is divided into Jin and Yuan' in his Summary of the General Catalogue of the Four Library Complete Books,Volume 13,Subpart 13.This study analyzed the understanding of the zang fu concept among the three schools of thought in the Jin dynasty,and found that all three schools of thought in the Jin dynasty highly valued the connection between natural luck changes and human zang fu,forming a consensus centered on the ‘six zang xiang map of heaven and earth'.At the same time,it was also found that the relationship between the viscera and the twelve branches of the earth,as well as the six qi,was a significant difference in the viscera views of the three experts in Jin dynasties,and the influencing factors of the similarities and differences in the viscera views of the three experts in Jin dynasties were analyzed.This study provides a richer basis for a comprehensive understanding of the medical achievements and academic ideas of the experts in Jin dynasty,and has positive significance for a comprehensive understanding of the medical development of the Jin dynasty.At the same time,it has important academic value for improving the understanding of the history of traditional Chinese medicine academic development.