金纳米粒子的表面修饰及生物应用进展

Surface Modification and Biological Applications of Gold Nanoparticles

近年来纳米材料被广泛应用于生物医学、航空航天和精细化工等领域。构成纳米材料的纳米粒子具有小尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应等性质。其中金纳米粒子(AuNPs)由于其独特的荧光特性、良好的生物相容性和表面等离子共振等性质,被广大科研人员深入研究。然而,目前AuNPs仍存在水分散性差、肾清除效率低和量子发射产率低等问题,限制了其广泛应用。因此,研究者对AuNPs表面进行多样化修饰,从而能有效克服上述缺点。本文就目前主流配体表面修饰AuNPs的研究进展进行总结,着重介绍了功能化AuNPs在生物成像、生物检测、生物治疗三方面的应用,最后对AuNPs的临床治疗机制的探索以及商业化的应用进行了展望,希望能为相关领域的研究者们提供新思路。

Recently,nanomaterials have been widely used in biomedicine,aerospace,fine chemical industry and other fields.The nanoparticles have the properties of small size effect,surface effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect.Gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)have been studied by many researchers because of their unique fluorescence properties,good biocompatibility and surface plasmon resonance.However,at present,AuNPs still have problems such as poor water dispersion,low kidney clearance efficiency and low quantum emission yield,which limit their wide application.Therefore,researchers have used various methods to modify the surface of AuNPs,which can effectively overcome the above shortcomings.In this paper,the current research progress in AuNPs modified by multiple ligands was summarized,focusing on the applications of functional AuNPs in bioimaging,biodetection and biotherapy.Finally,the exploration of clinical therapeutic mechanism and commercial applications of AuNPs were prospected,hoping to provide new ideas for researchers in this field.