女性何以占领时间银行:我国时间银行志愿者的性别差异及其原因探析

Why Women Dominate:Gender Difference in Chinese Time Banks

性别差异是时间银行志愿者的重要社会特征,体现了时间银行在第三次分配中社会资源的供给。本文应用混合研究的方法,通过对我国230名时间银行志愿者的问卷调查和对北京市东城区某时间银行的22位机构相关人员进行访谈,发现女性志愿者在我国时间银行中占优势地位,具体体现为女性志愿者的数量和占比多于男性志愿者,女性志愿者在时间银行中的参与程度比男性更高。此外,女性志愿者和男性志愿者在时间银行中倾向于提供不同类型的服务,女性在时间银行中比男性更可能提供社区公益服务。女性在时间银行中的优势地位可以从助人行为的性别倾向、职业发展补偿和挑战公共领域的男性主导三个方面得到解释。

Gender difference is an important social characteristic of time bank volunteers,reflecting the supply of social resources in the Third Distribution.This study applies a mixed research method.Through a questionnaire survey of 230 time bank volunteers in China and interviews with 22 relevant personnel from a time bank in Dongcheng District,Beijing.The study finds that female volunteers occupy a dominant position in time banks in China,which is reflected in the fact that the number and proportion of female volunteers are more than male volunteers,and the engagement of female volunteers in time banks is higher than that of men.In addition,female and male volunteers tend to provide different types of services in time banks,and women are more likely than men to provide community services in time banks.The dominant position of women in Chinese time banks can be explained from three aspects:gender differences in helping behavior,compensatory effects in career development,and challenging the male dominance in public spheres.