动物正义何以可能——基于罗尔斯契约主义的探讨

How Animal Justice is Possible:Based on Rawlsian Contractarianism

随着动物权利研究在政治学领域的扩展,倡导动物权利的学者们首要地关注了罗尔斯契约主义中动物正义何以可能的问题。他们对罗尔斯正义理论进行了阐释、批判与重构,发展出了契约式的、非契约式的以及超越契约的几种主要的动物正义理论,尝试性的将动物扩展为道德主体,动物正义在新的框架下被建构,从而提倡一种更广泛的正义体系。尽管动物正义在理论和实践上仍然存在困难,但这些讨论为动物权利研究提供了新思路,对于推进动物保护的实现具有重要且积极的意义。

With the expansion of animal rights studies in the field of political science,scholars advocating animal rights have focused primarily on the question of how animal justice is possible in Rawlsian contractualism.They have interpreted,critiqued,and reconstructed Rawlsian theories of justice,developed several major theories of animal justice in contractual,non-contractual,and beyond contractual terms,experimentally extended animals as moral subjects,and animal justice has been constructed under new frameworks,thereby advocating a broader system of justice.Although difficulties remain in the theory and practice of animal justice,these discussions provide new ideas for animal rights research and have important and positive implications for advancing the realization of animal protection.