欧盟航运绿色壁垒演进逻辑与中国因应

THE EVOLUTIONARY LOGIC OF EU GREEN BARRIERS IN THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY AND CHINA'S RESPONSE

在全球气候治理的背景下,欧盟通过以碳交易机制为核心,以数据监测报告认证机制、海运燃料机制和碳边境调整机制为辅助的区域单边立法,对国际航运进行规制,形成了绿色壁垒。这些举措旨在提升欧盟规则的国际效力,推动国际航运向绿色转型。尽管这有助于加速国际航运的脱碳进程,但也对现有国际航运减排规则造成了冲击,同时挑战了国际海事组织在航运治理方面的权威。欧盟区域合规增加了中国航运企业的市场准入成本、船舶数据安全风险和环境关税成本,对国际秩序和中国市场准入产生了影响。鉴于此,在国际层面,应坚持推进国际法治,追求国际航运碳治理的公平效率,并积极参与国际海事组织主导的全球一体化航运碳排放交易机制的构建。在国内层面,应构建符合国家航运业整体利益的中国航运碳交易机制,重视欧盟区域合规与国家利益的平衡,推动中国航运绿色转型的整体能力建设。

In the context of global climate governance,the EU regulates international shipping and establishes green barriers through regional unilateral legislation focused on a carbon trading mechanism.This is supported by a certification mechanism for data monitoring and reporting,a fuel mechanism for maritime transportation,and a carbon border adjustment mechanism.Its purpose is to enhance the international effectiveness of EU rules and to promote the green transformation of international shipping.While this initiative could help to accelerate the decarbonization of international shipping,the impact of EU regional regulations on established international shipping emission reduction protocols challenges the authority of the International Maritime Organization in governing shipping.EU regional compliance raises the cost of market entry for Chinese shipping companies,introduces risks related to ship data security and environmental tariffs,and ultimately disrupts the international order.To address these challenges,at the international level,it is crucial to promote the international rule of law,enhance the fairness and eficiency of international shipping carbon governance,and actively engage in the development of a global integrated shipping carbon emissions trading mechanism led by the International Maritime Organization.At the domestic level,establishing a Chinese shipping carbon trading mechanism that aligns with the overall interests of the national shipping industry is the key.It is important to emphasize the balance between EU regional compliance and national interests in the system design and to enhance the overall capacity of China's shipping industry for green transformation.