生命共同体视野下人与自然关系的伦理考量

Ethical Considerations of the Relationship between Humans and Nature from the Perspective of a Community of Life

西方伦理文化从古希腊开始就隐含着人与自然主客对立的思维模式,经过“现代性”的建构,确立了“控制自然”的西方伦理话语,预制出人类中心主义与自然中心主义之间无法统一的生态伦理困境。我国是“后发现代性”国家,缺少一些实际的治理现代化经验;但在解决生态危机这一问题上,拥有丰富的伦理文化传统资源,经过“现代性”的自主重构,创造性地提出了“生命共同体”理念,对人与自然之间的关系进行伦理考量,形成符合中国伦理文化特征的生态伦理观念、原则和实践方式。在“生命共同体”的中国伦理文化语境视野下,生态伦理不再是处于割裂状态的两难选择,而是融入社会生活中的有机整体,遵守生态道德规范,遵循生态正义,养成生态德性,达到尊重自然与完善人自身的内在统一,为文明的顺利转型和生态文明建设提供充分的理论支持和伦理考量。

Since ancient Greece,the Western ethical culture has implied the thinking pattern of subjective-object opposition between human and nature.Through the construction of“modernity”,the Western ethical discourse of“controlling nature”has been established,and the ecological ethical dilemma that anthropocentrism and naturocentrism cannot be unified has been prefabricated.As a late“modernity”,our country lacks some practical experience in governance modernization,but has rich ethical and cultural traditional resources to solve the ecological crisis.Through the independent reconstruction of“modernity”,we creatively propose the idea of“a community of life”,and take ethical consideration on the relationship between humans and nature.The ecological ethical concepts,principles and practices formed conform to the characteristics of Chinese ethical culture.In the context of Chinese ethical culture of“a community of life”,ecological ethics is no longer a dilemma in a state of separation,but an organic whole integrated into social life,abiding by ecological ethics norms,following ecological justice,cultivating ecological virtues,and achieving the inner unity of respecting nature and improving human beings.It provides sufficient theoretical support and ethical consideration for the smooth transformation of civilization and the construction of ecological civilization.