唯物史观视域中马克思对资本矛盾的辩证论析

Marx’s Dialectical Analysis of Capital Contradiction from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

资本由于其内在冲破界限与制造限制、追求普遍性与最终阻碍发展的矛盾,并非与生产力发展相一致的绝对形式,而是人类追逐财富指向价值生产的经济形式。生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动是资本从无到有、从社会生产从属形式成长为社会生产主导形式的社会语境,这也决定了资本矛盾的两面性。科学把握资本,既要对资本在不同发展阶段的两面表现进行全面、具体的分析,不能一概而论、简单化处理,也不能因资本矛盾固有的消极性,在其他条件不成熟时就主观地进行铲除行动,更不能因资本有促进生产力发展的特点,就对它采取放任不管的态度;而是必须在工人阶级认识到现代资本的两面性时,创造条件,以使工人阶级在利用资本中逐步实现对它的扬弃。

Due to the inherent contradiction between breaking through boundaries and manufacturing limitations,pursuing universality and ultimately hindering development,capital is not an absolute form consistent with the development of productive forces,but only an economic form in which human beings pursue wealth and value production.The contradictory movement between productive forces and production relations is the social context in which capital grows from nothing to existence,from a subordinate form of social production to a dominant form of social production,which also determines the dual nature of capital contradictions.To scientifically grasp capital,it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and specific analysis of its dual manifestations at different stages of development,rather than generalizing and simplifying it.Eradication actions should not be subjectively carried out when other conditions are not mature due to the inherent negativity of capital conflicts.Moreover,we cannot adopt a laissez-faire attitude towards capital because it has the characteristic of promoting productivity development.It is necessary to create conditions when the working class realizes the dual nature of modern capital,so that the working class can gradually realize its sublation in utilizing capital.