张謇、蒋黼癸卯东游日本比较研究

Comparative Research on Zhang Jian and Jiang Fu’s Investigations in Japan in 1903

光绪二十九年癸卯,张謇和蒋黼利用日本举办大阪博览会之机对其进行了自费考察,重点在农工实业和教育,特别是学前以及初级、中等学校。张謇和蒋黼仔细观察,认真思考,努力探究日本实业发展和国家富强的原因,以作镜鉴。但由于年龄、经历、兴趣爱好等的差异,所见所言所记不尽相同。蒋黼较多关注文教艺术,对政治问题着墨较少,措辞温和。而张謇则更多联系自己的创业实践,大胆揭露和尖锐批评清政府官员的素质低下和不思进取,希望政府能效仿日本励精图治、科学规划,施行鼓励和扶持实业发展的政策,主张要革新政治、施行宪政,并在归国后把东瀛学习所得广泛运用于实践,极大地推动了南通早期现代化的发展,作出了无愧于乃师翁同龢期许的非凡成就。

In 1903,the 29th year of Guangxu Emperor,on occasion of the Fifth Domestic Industry Exposition held in Osaka,Zhang Jian and Jiang Fu made a self-funded visit to Japan,aiming to investigate its agricultural,industrial and educational institutions,especially pre-school,primary and secondary educational institutions.Zhang Jian and Jiang Fu both carefully observed and strived to explore the reasons for Japan’s development and prosperity,and connecting the situation of our country to try to find the way to save our nation.However,due to the differences in age,experience,interest,Jiang Fu paid more attention to the culture,education and art,less attention to politics and used fewer and mild words in his writing.While Zhang Jian revealed more deeply and criticized the officials’low quality and Qing Dynasty’s lack of enterprising spirit based on his entrepreneurial practice,hoping that the government could learn from Japan’s diligent governance and scientific planning,and carry out encouraging and supporting policies for the development of industry.He even advocated the reform of politics and the implementation of constitutionalism.After returning to China,he widely applied what he had learned in Japan into practice,which greatly promoted the early modernization of Nantong and made achievements that were up to the expectations of his teacher Weng Tonghe.