积石山6.2级地震村镇民居震害调研与分析

Seismic damage investigation and analysis of rural dwellings in M_(s)6.2 Jishishan earthquake

探明积石山6.2级地震中村镇民居的震害情况,归纳总结了灾区村镇民居的主要结构特征、建造习惯和施工工艺,分析了不同结构形式村镇民居的倒塌情况和典型震害特征,评析了传统建造习惯对民居抗震防灾能力的影响。结果表明:民居结构体系多为“虎抱头”式砖木结构房屋,占调研总数的50.9%,生土结构和砖混结构较少,分别占调研总数的28.2%、20.9%;调研区域内大量生土结构民居发生整体倒塌,砖木结构民居出现整体倒塌案例较少,砖混结构未发现整体倒塌案例;砖木结构民居震害主要表现为山墙转角开裂、梁柱节点处脱榫、局部山墙倒塌、屋盖搭接处开裂,生土结构民居震害主要表现为山墙转角破损、山墙歪闪倒塌和屋盖塌陷,砖混结构民居震害主要表现为墙体开裂、歪闪倒塌和楼(屋)盖破坏;泥浆砌墙、厚覆黄土屋盖、大重量门盖装饰等不良建造习惯加剧了民居的震害,在后续恢复重建工作中应予以改进。针对不同结构体系震害特征和建造习惯提出了提高村镇民居抗震防灾能力的措施和建议,以期为灾区村镇民居的建设、加固改造提供参考。

The seismic damage of rural dwellings in the M_(s)6.2 earthquake in Jishishan is explored.The structural characteristics,construction habits and construction techniques of the rural dwellings in the disaster area were summarized.The collapse and typical earthquake damage characteristics of rural dwellings with different structural forms were analyzed.The mechanisms of traditional building practices on the seismic resistance and disaster prevention capability of residential houses were studied.The results of the research and analysis show that the structural systems of rural dwellings are mostly“tiger hugging head”style brick-wood structure,accounting for 50.9%of the total number of researched houses,and there are fewer cases of earthen structure and brick-concrete structure,accounting for 28.2%and 20.9%,respectively.There are many cases of the overall collapse of the earthen structure in the study area,fewer cases of overall collapse of brick-wood structure,and no cases of total collapse of brick-concrete structures.The earthquake damage of brick-wood dwellings mainly consists of cracking at the corners of the gable walls,dislodging at the joints,partial collapse of the gable walls,and cracking of roof laps.The main earthquake damage to earthen dwellings is damage to the corner of the gable wall,collapse of the gable wall,and collapse of the roof.Earthquake damage to brick-concrete structure mainly consists of wall cracking,wall collapse and floor(roof)damage.Bad construction habits such as mud joints,thick-covered loess roofs,and largeweight door decorations exacerbated the earthquake damage to residential houses and should be improved in the subsequent restoration and reconstruction work.Measures and suggestions to improve the earthquake-resistant and disaster-preventive capacity of rural dwellings were put forward with regard to the seismic damage characteristics of different structural systems and construction habits,with a view to providing reference for the construction,strengthening and renovation of rural dwellings in the disaster areas.