高速动车组下沉式受电弓区域流场特性研究

Study on the Flow Field Characteristics in the Sinking Pantograph Region of High-speed EMUs

高速动车组车顶高压受流设备受运行环境的影响易产生积污积雪现象,进而引发车顶雪闪及高压设备故障问题。为研究高速动车组下沉式受电弓弓盆区域流场特性,文章采用三维不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和SSTκ-ω双方程湍流模型,对8辆编组高速动车组受电弓区域的压力场和速度场进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:因受电弓监视器、弓盆结构及受电弓弓头的影响,下沉式受电弓弓盆区域流场3车位置和6车位置差异较大;距离弓盆底部平面不同高度位置处平面速度存在低速涡流区,不利于实现气流对弓盆区域冲刷作用。采用减小弓盆深度和弓盆前后斜面倾角方案对弓盆底部区域流场进行了优化,3车受电弓弓盆0~8m/s低速区域占比从61.03%降低至39.68%和6.27%,6车受电弓弓盆0~8m/s低速区域占比从45.77%降低至32.54%和20.39%,气流速度得到明显改善,可以有效避免污物和雪颗粒沉积。

Under the influence of operating environment,the roof high-voltage current receiving equipment of high-speed EMUs is prone to pollution and snow accumulation,which leads to roof snow flash and high-voltage equipment failure.In order to study the flow field characteristics of sinking pantograph region of high-speed EMUs,the pressure field and velocity field of pantograph region of eight-car EMU train are numerically simulated by using three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and SSTκ-ω double-equation turbulence model.The results show that the three-car position and six-car position of the flow field in the pantograph basin area of sinking pantograph are quite different due to the influence of pantograph monitor,pantograph basin structure and pantograph bow;Low-speed vortex region exists at different heights from the bottom plane of bow and basin,which is not conducive to the realization of the scouring effect of the airflow on the bow basin area.The flow field at the bottom of the pantograph basin is optimized by reducing the depth of the pantograph basin and the inclination angle of the front and back inclined planes of the pantograph basin.The percentage of the 0~8 m/s low-speed area of the pantograph basin of 3 cars is reduced from 61.03% to 39.68% and 6.27%,and the percentage of the 0~8 m/s low-speed area of the pantograph basin of 6 cars is reduced from 45.77% to 32.54% and 20.39%,and the airflow speed is obviously improved,which can effectively avoid the deposition of dirt and snow particles.