数字技术、要素收入分配与相对劳动收入份额

Digital Technology,Factor Income Distribution,and Relative Labor Income Share

本文利用中国投入产出数据,通过研究数字技术对相对劳动收入份额的影响,解析数字技术、劳动与资本要素收入分配格局的关系。研究发现,数字技术的提高显著降低了相对劳动收入份额,其中,相对于制造业,数字技术对服务业相对劳动收入份额的影响更大。同时,数字技术均显著降低了劳动密集型和资本密集型行业的相对劳动收入份额,但对劳动密集型行业影响更大。在影响机制方面,数字技术对劳动收入份额与资本收入份额的分配驱动并不均衡,数字技术降低了劳动收入份额,却提高了资本收入份额,导致了相对劳动收入份额的下降。同时,数字技术主要通过行业内全要素生产率的提高与行业间技术溢出降低相对劳动收入份额,该效应在资本密集型行业中更为明显。

This article uses China’s input-output data to study the impact of digital technology on the relative share of labor income,and analyzes the impact of digital technology on the distribution pattern of labor and capital factor income.The research has found that the improvement of digital technology significantly reduces the relative share of labor income,with digital technology having a greater impact on the relative share of labor income in the service industry compared to the manufacturing industry.At the same time,digital technology has significantly reduced the relative labor income share of labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries,but has a greater impact on labor-intensive industries.In terms of impact mechanism,the distribution of labor income share and capital income share driven by digital technology is not balanced.Digital technology reduces labor income share,but increases capital income share,leading to a decrease in relative labor income share.At the same time,digital technology mainly reduces the relative share of labor income through the improvement of total factor productivity within the industry and technology spillovers between industries,which is more evident in capital intensive industries.