馆藏雍正粉彩瓶的原位无损科学研究

In situ non-destructive scientific research on Yongzheng famille-rose bottle

粉彩是景德镇四大名瓷之一,其粉润柔和、颜色丰富的特点与使用的原料性质密不可分,对粉彩瓷器进行科学检测,可以为研究粉彩瓷器的传承与发展提供重要依据。使用三维视频显微镜、X射线荧光扫描成像仪(MA-XRF)和拉曼光谱仪对馆藏雍正粉彩瓶进行原位无损检测,发现粉彩瓶中紫红彩的着色剂为金红,红彩的着色剂为矾红,绿彩着色剂为铜的化合物,黄彩着色剂为铅锡黄Ⅱ型,黄绿彩为绿彩和黄彩调和而成,黑彩着色剂为锰的氧化物。显微镜和MA-XRF两种面检测技术的联合使用,可以得到颜料层的上下关系、粉彩的绘画技法、颜料特征元素及分布位置等信息。三种原位无损检测仪器的应用,可以为馆藏完整瓷器着色剂成分、绘画技法、制作工艺等信息的科学研究提供借鉴。

Famille-rose is one of the four famous types of porcelain in Jingdezhen.Its characteristics of soft powder and rich color are closely related to the nature of the raw materials used.Scientific detection of famille-rose porcelain can provide a basis for studying the inheritance and development of famille-rose porcelain.Three-dimensional video microscope,X-ray fluorescence scanning Imager(MA-XRF)and Raman spectrometer were used for in situ non-destructive testing of Yongzheng famille-rose bottles in the collection.It was found that the coloring agent of purple color was gold red,the coloring agent of red color was alum red,the coloring agent of green color was copper compound,the coloring agent of yellow color was lead-tin yellow type II,and the yellow-green color was made of green color and yellow color.The black colorant is manganese oxide.The combination of microscope and MA-XRF can reveal the relationship between the upper and lower layers of the pigment,the painting technique of the famille-rose,the characteristic elements of the pigment and its distribution position.The application of three kinds of in-situ nondestructive testing instrument can provide reference for the scientific research of the contents of complete porcelain colorant and painting techniques.