智化寺石质文物表面黑色污染物的谱学分析

Spectrochemical analysis of black pollutants on the stone carving surface in Zhihua Temple

智化寺是典型的明代早期寺院,主体建筑保存状态良好,其建筑群既具有宋元风格,又历经明清、民国时期,具有极高的研究价值。寺内现存三件石刻文物表面具有明显的黑色污染,为了更有针对性的保护,需要对未知的黑色污染物进行科学分析研究。本研究采用便携式X射线荧光光谱(pXRF)、拉曼光谱(Raman Spectroscopy)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和热裂解气相色谱质谱(Py-GCMS),系统分析了污染物成分。结果表明藏殿须弥座北侧侧面和台面处污染物以干性植物油为主,并具有少量蛋白质残留、无定形碳等,如来殿前的赑屃背上的黑色污染物含有多糖、油脂、无定形碳、纤维素、蛋白质和石英等物质残留。分析结果为准确判断智化寺石刻文物上的黑色污染物提供了科学依据,对相关石质文物的合理有效保护具有重要意义。

Zhihua Temple is one of the most typical temples built in early Ming Dynasty.It has great value of study thanks to the well-preserved buildings after the Ming,Qing,and Republican periods,combining with the architectural styles in Song and Yuan Dynasty.Three big stone carvings in the temple have obvious black pollutants on their surfaces.It is necessary to carry out scientific analysis and research on the unknown black pollutants,for the purpose of protecting stone historical relics effectively.The portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(pXRF),Raman spectroscopy,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GCMS)were used to analyze the composition of the contaminants.The results indicated that the pollutants were mainly composed of dry plant oil,as well as amorphous carbon and a small amount of protein residues.As for the black attachments on the back of the BiXi(Stone Turtle)in front of the Tathagata Hall,polysaccharides,lipids,amorphous carbon,cellulose,protein residues and quartz could be figured out through results.A scientific basis for identifying the black pollutants on the stone carvings in Zhihua Temple accurately was obtained by this study,which had a great significance for making an effective protection plan of related stone historical relics.