明长城镇朔关考

A Study on Zhenshuo Pass of the Ming Great Wall

镇朔关是明长城最东端的一座关口,也是明代辽东东南部各民族交往交流交融的重要通道。因相关文献记载较少,且语焉不详,学界在镇朔关的地望和建置年代方面尚未达成共识。本文对记载比较详细、地理位置相对准确的明辽东镇长城关口的相关资料进行比较研究,分析总结出明辽东镇长城关口设置的共性特点,并在实地调查的基础上推定镇朔关应在今辽宁省宽甸满族自治县和凤城市邻境区域的大边沟河谷内与明长城墙体交叉处。通过梳理明嘉靖中后期辽东镇长城东段营建和经营的相关史料,推测镇朔关营建于嘉靖二十五年(1546年)。

The passes of the Great Wall have always been important channels for cultural exchanges and interactions along the Great Wall.Zhenshuo Pass is the easternmost pass of the Ming Great Wall.Due to limited historical records and ambiguous details,the academic community has not reached a consensus on its geographic location and construction period.This article combines relatively detailed and accurate geographical and archaeological data on the eastern section of the Ming Great Wall in Liaodong with historical literature,carrying out textual research based on comprehensive archaeological surveys,and summarizing the general characteristics of the passes in this region.It is concluded that the passes are located on key transportation routes of the Great Wall and supplemented by high-platform defenses and lookout facilities.Based on these findings,it is inferred that Zhenshuo Pass should be located at the intersection of the Dabiangou River Valley in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County and the Ming Great Wall in Fengcheng City,Liaoning Province.Additionally,through a review of relevant historical materials from the midto-late Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty,the construction time of Zhenshuo Pass is estimated to be the 25th year of the Jiajing period(1546).This study,using archaeological investigations as the basic method and combining topography to determine the geographical location of Zhenshuo Pass on the Ming Great Wall,provides substantiated evidence regarding its construction time based on historical records.This offers valuable reference material for further research on the horse trade market and the Ming Great Wall in Liaodong during theMingDynasty.