基于可持续发展理念的市镇遗产价值体系与构成要素研究

Value System and Attributes of Town Heritage Based on the Concept of Sustainable Development

市镇是我国城乡体系的重要纽带。基于可持续发展理念,具有显著活态特征的市镇文化遗产兼具历史遗产和社会资源的双重价值体系。作为可持续发展三大支柱的经济、社会与环境是认知市镇资源属性的主要方式。市镇的构成要素包括互动关联的人、活动及其场所,人与社会结构是生命基础,经济活动是内在动因,聚落结构则是外在表征。市镇保护发展需要保持社会结构的相对稳定和适度更新,维护市镇经济的多元与活跃,确保市镇聚落结构历史印迹的可识别性,尤其应关注内在机能的调理。本文基于可持续发展理念系统探索了市镇文化遗产的价值体系与构成要素,以期为我国新型城镇化和乡村振兴进程中优秀市镇遗产的保护与可持续发展提供借鉴。

With the advancement of new urbanization and rural revitalization in China,historical and cultural heritage protection in both urban and rural areas has entered a new stage.Cultural heritage of historic towns is a pivotal link between urban and rural systems,and the protection and sustainable development of town heritage are an important part of the protection and inheritance of urban and rural history and culture,holding significant implications for the high-quality advancement of new urbanization and rural revitalization.However,as compound settlement heritage,town heritage significantly differs from general cultural heritage protection units in protection and management technology systems.As living sites,town heritage is closely tied to contemporary society and economy.Its comprehensive management is not only an issue of heritage conservation but also a crucial concern of sustainable development at the grassroots level,which requires robust theoretical and technical support.In this context,clarifying the value system of town heritage at the macro level and identifying its unique attributess can provide scientific and accurate guidance for the protection and sustainable management of abundant town heritage.This paper,based on the archaeological and historical studies on towns,employs established methods of value cognition and attributes analysis of world cultural heritage.Taking the economic,social,and environmental perspectives of the three pillars of sustainable development as a reference,it systematically delineates the dual value systemhistorical heritage and social resourceof town heritage.This proposition brings forth dual perspectives of the past and the present/future,as well as dual demands for protection and development.The attributess of towns include interactive and interconnected people,activities,and places.People and their social structure constitute the foundation of towns,the economic structure formed by economic activities is the internal motivation for towns'sustainable development,and spatial places and their settlement structure are the external representations of towns.Town protection and development require maintaining relative stability and moderate renewal of social structure,safeguarding diversity and vitality of the town economy,and ensuring the recognizability of the historical imprints of towns'settlement structure,focusing on the adjustment of internal functions.This paper systematically explores the value system and attributess of town heritage within the cognitive framework of world cultural heritage.It discerns the inherent consistency behind the seemingly opposing factors of protection and development across the economic,social,and environmental dimensions of sustainable development,so as to provide insights into the protection and sustainable development practice of outstanding town heritage in the process of new urbanization and rural revitalization in China.