中国清洁能源转型背景下的关键矿产形势及思考

The Situation and Thinking of Critical Minerals Under the Background of China's Clean Energy Transition

从全球看,能源消费产生了当前主要的温室气体排放,推动能源部门实现净零排放是应对气候变化的关键抓手。在碳排放仍未达峰背景下,能源消费从传统化石能源向清洁能源转型被视为达到气候控制目标和实现可持续发展的关键措施之一。但人们的目光主要集中在清洁能源及其技术本身,对其支撑保障要素,特别是关键矿产的保障关注不足。碳中和愿景下的气候雄心目标是驱动清洁能源转型和关键矿产消费的原动力。能源转型中的低碳能源使用、大量基础设施建设和设备制造、清洁能源开发使用技术等都对关键矿产资源提出了直接而巨大的需求。我国主要关键矿产的本底状态和资源储量,距离有效支撑和保障清洁能源成功转型,实现“双碳目标”,多数还有相当大的差距;新一代信息技术、高端装备制造等战略新兴产业的快速发展,更加剧了关键矿产资源支撑能源转型形势的严峻性。我国关键矿产资源支撑保障新时代清洁能源转型,需要采取以下解决方案:全面、完整、准确贯彻新发展理念,加快推进新一轮找矿突破战略行动,深化“一带一路”国家矿业国际合作,坚持绿色勘查开发和调整利用结构并重,创新驱动,提升矿产勘查开发利用水平,推动矿业全产业链管理和矿产品全生命周期管理。

Globally,energy consumption is the key factors which caused greenhouse gas emission.Achieving net zero emissions is the key to tackling climate change.In the background of carbon emissions still not reaching the peak,the transition of energy consumption from traditional fossil energy to clean energy is regarded as one of the key measures to achieve climate control goals and achieve sustainable development.However,people's attention is mainly focused on clean energy and its technology itself,and insufficient attention is paid to its supporting elements,especially the protection of key minerals.Climate ambition under the carbon neutral the driving force behind the clean energy transition and the consumption of critical minerals.The use of low-carbon energy in the energy transformation,a large number of infrastructure construction and equipment manufacturing,clean energy development and use of technology,etc.,have put forward a direct and huge demand for critical mineral resources.There is still a considerable gap between the background status and resource reserves of China's main critical minerals and the effective support and guarantee of the successful transformation of clean energy and the realization of the"dual carbon goal".The rapid development of strategic emerging industries such as new generation information technology and high-end equipment manufacturing has exacerbated the severity of the energy transition supported by critical mineral resources.China's critical mineral resources support and guarantee the clean energy transformation in the new era,the following solutions need to be adopted:Comprehensively,completely and accurately implement the new development concept,accelerate the promotion of a new round of mining breakthrough strategic action,deepen the international cooperation in mining in the"Belt and Road"countries,adhere to the green exploration and development and adjustment and utilization structure,innovation driven,improve the level of mineral exploration,development and utilization,and promote the management of the whole mining industry chain and the whole life cycle management of mineral products.