新疆不同杜仲品种光合特性分析及生产性能比较

Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Production Performance of Different Varieties of Eucommia ulmoides in Xinjiang

本研究旨在综合分析塔城地区沙湾市试种的4个杜仲品种的光合特性和生产性能。在杜仲光合活跃期(6月)测定4个杜仲品种叶片的叶绿素浓度、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)以及胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)、叶片数量和叶片长宽,采收后(10月)对其单株叶片的鲜重和干重以及叶片内的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖、木脂素、绿原酸、总黄酮含量进行检测,并进行方差分析、相关分析和主成分分析。研究发现,由于塔城地区干旱的原因,抗旱性较好的‘秦仲2号’‘、秦仲3号’综合光合性能优于‘秦仲1号’‘、秦仲4号’。4个杜仲品种粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总糖含量分别为417.87~456.97、265.63~317.31、68.47~79.19 mg/g,木脂素、绿原酸和总黄酮含量区间分别73.26~78.89、3.04~3.76、1.66~1.96 mg/g。主成分分析发现,‘秦仲3号’的综合得分最高,生产性能最好。在6月Pn最高的品种是‘秦仲2号’,光合性能最优,其余3个品种Pn无显著性差异。‘秦仲1号’叶产量和质量均较低,‘秦仲2号’和‘秦仲3号’的单株叶片干重同为4个品种中最高,‘秦仲3号’相对‘秦仲2号’品质更高;‘秦仲4号’的营养含量高,但叶产量极低。综上所述,‘秦仲3号’最适合作为塔城地区的叶用杜仲品种。

In order to comprehensively analyze the photosynthetic characteristics and production performance of four varieties of Eucommia,the experiment was carried out in Shawan City of Tacheng area.The chlorophyll concentration,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci),leaf number and leaf length and width of four varieties were measured during the photosynthetic active period(June).The fresh weight and dry weight of leaves and the contents of crude protein,crude fat,total sugar,lignan,chlorogenic acid and total flavone in leaves were measured after harvesting(October),and analysis of variance(ANOVA),correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA)were performed.It was found that the comprehensive photosynthetic performance of‘Qinzhong 2’and‘Qinzhong 3’with better drought resistance was better than that of‘Qinzhong 1’and‘Qinzhong 4’due to drought in Tacheng area.The crude protein,crude fat and total sugar contents of the four varieties were 417.87-456.97,265.63-317.31 and 68.47-79.19 mg/g,respectively.The contents of lignan,chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids ranged from 73.26-78.89,3.04-3.76 and 1.66-1.96 mg/g,respectively.Through principal component analysis,it was found that‘Qinzhong 3’had the highest comprehensive score and the best production performance.The variety with the highest Pn in June was‘Qinzhong 2’with the best light and performance,while the Pn of other three varieties had no significant difference.The leaf yield and quality of‘Qinzhong 1’were lower,the leaf dry weight per plant of‘Qinzhong 2’and‘Qinzhong 3’were the highest among the four varieties,and‘Qinzhong 3’had higher quality than‘Qinzhong 2’.The nutrient content of‘Qinzhong 4’was high,but the leaf yield was extremely low.The preliminary evaluation indicated that‘Qinzhong 3’was the most suitable variety for leaf use in Tacheng area.