甘肃省居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis of health literacy levels and influencing factors among residents in Gansu Province

目的深入了解甘肃省居民健康素养水平,并分析其影响因素,为科学开展健康教育与健康促进工作提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法,在甘肃省抽取14021名15~69岁居民作为调查对象,使用全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷于2021年对调查对象进行问卷调查,并采用卡方检验、秩和检验比较不同人口学特征调查对象的健康素养水平,采用Logistic回归分析调查对象健康素养水平的影响因素。结果调查对象健康素养水平为20.78%,不同性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、家庭人均年收入、慢性病患病情况调查对象的健康素养水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查对象的基本知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能素养水平分别为42.95%、28.53%和34.43%;调查对象科学健康观、传染病防治、慢性病防治、安全与急救、基本医疗、健康信息素养水平分别为43.63%、28.11%、22.70%、43.16%、25.39%和29.38%。Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、家庭人均年收入是影响调查对象健康素养水平的因素(P<0.05)。相对于65~69岁年龄组,除55~64岁年龄组外,其他年龄组调查对象健康素养水平均较高;相比少数民族,汉族健康素养水平较高;相对于本科及以上人群,文化程度越低的调查对象健康素养水平越低;相对于其他职业,医务人员、其他事业单位人员及工人健康素养水平较高;相对于家庭人均年收入≥30000元的调查对象,家庭人均年收入10000~<20000元及20000~<30000元调查对象的健康素养水平相对较低。结论甘肃省居民健康素养水平总体仍较低,应根据不同年龄、民族、文化程度、职业及收入人群实施精准的、有针对性的健康教育与健康促进策略。

Objective To comprehensively understand the health literacy levels among residents of Gansu Province and ana-lyze the influencing factors,providing a reference for scientifically conducting health education and health promotion.Meth-ods Using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method,14021 residents aged 15 to 69 from Gansu Province were se-lected as the survey respondents.The national health literacy monitoring questionnaire was used to survey these subjects in 2021.Chi-square tests and rank-sum tests were employed to compare health literacy levels among different demographic groups,and Logistic regression analysis was adopted to determine the influencing factors of health literacy levels among the survey subjects.Results The health literacy level among the surveyed subjects was 20.78%.Statistically significant differ-ences were observed in health literacy levels among different groups based on gender,age,ethnicity,educational level,occu-pation,per capita annual household income,and chronic disease status(P<0.05).The levels of basic knowledge and con-cepts,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and basic skills were 42.95%,28.53%,and 34.43%,respectively.The levels of sci-entific health perspective,infectious disease prevention,chronic disease prevention,safety and first aid,basic medical care,and health information literacy were 43.63%,28.11%,22.70%,43.16%,25.39%,and 29.38%,respectively.Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,ethnicity,educational level,occupation,and per capita annual household income were influencing factors for health literacy levels(P<0.05).Compared to the 65-69 age group,all other age groups,except for the 55-64 age group,had higher health literacy levels.Han Chinese had higher health literacy levels compared to minority groups.Compared to those with a bachelor's degree or higher,individuals with lower educational levels had lower health lit-eracy levels.Compared to other occupations,medical personnel,staff of other public institutions,and workers had higher health literacy levels.Compared to individuals with a per capita annual household income of≥30000 yuan,those with an income of 10000 to<20000 yuan and 20000 to<30000 yuan had relatively lower health literacy levels.Conclusion The overall health literacy level of residents in Gansu Province remains low.Targeted and precise health education and promotion strategies should be implemented following different age groups,ethnicities,educational levels,occupations,and income groups.