新见十九祀免簋历日与王年考

Research on the Calendar Day and King's Year of Bronze Ware of Newly-discovered Shijiu Si Mian Gui

据新见十九祀免簋铭文“隹王十又九祀,正月既生霸庚戌”之记载,可知该器是一件王年、月份、日干支及月相四要素俱全的西周时期重要青铜器。文章在学界判定该器为西周中期之器的基础上,以月相定点说,采用“四分历”的古天文历术为技术手段,考定免簋所载王年与历日应当是:周穆王十九年(前988)正月十五日,正月初一朔日为乙未,实际用历司历应取为丙申朔。

According to the newly discovered inscription of Bronze Ware of Newly-discovered Shijiu Si Mian Gui"Zhu Wang Shi You Jiu Si,Zheng Yue Ji Sheng Ba Geng Xu",it can be seen that the vessel is an important Western Zhou bronze vessel with four elements:the year of king,the month,the day of stem and the moon.On the basis of the academic circle's determination that the vessel is a vessel in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty,the article adheres to the theory of moon phase fixed point,and which adopts the ancient astronomical calendar of"Quarter calendar"as the technical means to determine the year of the king and the calendar contained in the Gui.It should be:the fifteenth day of the first month of the 19th year of King Mu of Zhou(988 B.C.),the first new moon of the first month is Yiwei,and the actual use of the calendar should be Bingshenshuo.