办公建筑中随机人员用能行为模型研究综述

A review of random occupant energy use behavior models in office buildings

建筑能耗逐年攀升,建筑性能模拟经常被用于评估建筑的运行能耗。人们每天80%以上的时间都在室内,人员用能是影响建筑能耗的主要因素之一,因此,建立真实的人行为模型是减少建筑能耗模拟误差的关键。常用的固定人行为模型无法反映人行为的随机性、动态性和多样性,从而导致能耗计算不够精确。本文对国内外办公建筑随机人员用能行为的建模现状进行综述,包括人员移动模型(上下班事件、随机移动事件、开会事件)和人员动作模型(开关灯、开关窗、开关空调),发现目前随机人行为模型的开发逐渐成熟,后续可从3个方面进行突破:考量人员工作性质与用能水平差异,建立多样性模型;定义通用的人行为建模语义,开发批量建模软件;分岗位开发高校办公建筑人行为模型。

Building energy consumption is increasing year by year,and building performance simulation is often used to evaluate the operational energy consumption of buildings.More than 80%of people′s time is indoor daily,and personnel energy consumption is one of the main factors affecting building energy consumption.Therefore,establishing a realistic occupant behavior model is the key to reducing errors in building energy simulation.The commonly used deterministic occupant behavior models cannot reflect occupant behavior′s randomness,dynamics,and diversity,resulting in inaccurate energy consumption calculations.This article provided an overview of the current modeling status of random occupant behavior models in office buildings both domestically and internationally,including occupant movement models(arrival and departure events,meeting events,random moving events)and occupant interaction models(light switching,opening and closing windows,air conditioning usage).It was concluded that the development of random occupant behavior models is gradually maturing,and breakthroughs can be made in three aspects in the future:establishing diversity models by considering the differences in personnel′s work nature and energy use level;defining universal occupant behavior modeling rules and developing batch modeling software;developing an occupant behavior model for university office buildings based on job positions.