宁夏地区葡萄炭疽病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose on Grapevine in Ningxia

为明确宁夏地区葡萄炭疽病的病原菌种类及其生物学特性差异,于2022年6月至10月对宁夏地区葡萄炭疽病病样进行采集分离,通过形态学鉴定、致病性测定和多基因系统发育分析,确定其病原菌种类;通过测定不同菌株菌丝生长及产孢量确定最优碳氮源、最适pH及致死温度。研究表明,宁夏地区葡萄炭疽病的主要病原为毁灭炭疽菌(Colletotrichum destructivum)、果生刺盘孢(C.fructicola)和暹罗刺盘孢(C.siamense)。毁灭炭疽菌最适菌丝生长和产孢的碳源为可溶性淀粉和葡萄糖,氮源为蛋白胨和乙酸铵;果生刺盘孢最适菌丝生长和产孢的碳源为麦芽糖和蔗糖,氮源为酵母膏和胰蛋白胨;暹罗刺盘孢最适菌丝生长和产孢的碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为乙酸铵和蛋白胨。各菌株均在pH为4~10时生长良好,致死温度均为52℃。500 g/L氟啶胺悬浮剂对暹罗刺盘孢和果生刺盘孢抑菌活性最佳,EC_(50)值分别为0.3244μg/mL和0.3869μg/mL。综上,毁灭炭疽菌、果生刺盘孢和暹罗刺盘孢是葡萄炭疽病的主要病原菌,且不同炭疽菌菌种间生物学特性差异较大,该结论可为葡萄炭疽病的有效防治提供理论依据。

To identify the pathogenic species and their biological characteristics of grape anthracnose in Ningxia,grape anthracnose samples were collected in Ningxia region from June to October 2022,the pathogens were isolated and identified through morphological identification,pathogenicity determination,and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis.The optimal carbon and nitrogen source,pH and lethal temperature were determined by measuring mycelial growth and spore production in different strains.The results demonstrated that the main pathogens of grapevine anthracnose in Ningxia were Colletotrichum destructivum,C.fructicola and C.siamense.The suitable carbon sources were soluble starch and glucose,and nitrogen sources were peptone and ammonium acetate for mycelial growth and spore production of C.destructivum.The optimal carbon sources were maltose and sucrose,and nitrogen sources were yeast paste and tryptone for mycelial growth and spore production of C.fructicola.The appropriate carbon sources were soluble starch,and nitrogen sources were ammonium acetate and peptone for mycelial growth and spore production of C.siamense.All strains grew well at pH 4-10.The lethal temperature was 52℃.The fungicide with the best bactericidal activity against C.siamense and C.fructicola was 500 g/L fludioxonil suspension.The EC_(50)values were 0.3244μg/mL for C.siamense and 0.3869μg/mL for C.fructicola.In this paper,Colletotrichum destructivum,C.fructicola and C.siamense are the main pathogens of grapevine anthracnose,and the biological characteristics of the different anthracnose strains differ greatly.The findings may provide a theoretical foundation for the effective control of grapevine anthracnose.