“韧性”视角下宁南山区乡村景观水适应智慧研究——以宁夏彭阳县茹河流域为例

Study on the Wisdom of Rural Landscape Water Adaptation in Southern Mountainous Areas of Ningxia from the Perspective of“Resilience”:Taking the Ruhe River Basin in Pengyang County Ningxia Province as an Example

宁夏南部山区降雨时空分布严重不均、景观格局持续变化,引发水土流失、旱涝并存、河网退化、水质污染等一系列水文环境问题。不合理的空间建设割裂了自然水文过程,而乡村景观空间韧性不足,致使区域乡村水文环境脆弱性风险持续增强。构建富有韧性的乡村景观空间规划的科学范式,是乡村振兴战略和可持续发展理念下宁夏南部山区极为突出的需求及发展的瓶颈。以典型韧性实践案例的生态智慧研究为方法,以“韧性实践—生态实践智慧—韧性规划框架—新的韧性实践”为研究路径,以宁南山区彭阳县茹河流域乡村为对象,分别从聚落选址、坡面景观设施布局、雨水资源利用三方面对其景观韧性实践中蕴含的生态智慧进行研究。凝练出彭阳县茹河流域“以水定业”“化零为整”“化整为零”相结合、“开源”与“节流”并举的生态实践智慧;基于乡村社会生态“韧性”的适应力和变革力,从生态智慧、动态设计过程、控制要素及可实现途径4个方面构建茹河流域乡村景观韧性规划框架,为建设人与自然和谐共生的当代乡村提供了科学的景观规划方法,为宁南山区及黄土高原其他地区乡村振兴战略的实施提供指导和借鉴。

The spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia Province is severely uneven,and the landscape pattern continues to change,leading to a series of hydrological and environmental problems such as soil erosion,the coexistence of drought and flood,river network degradation,and water quality pollution.Unreasonable spatial construction disrupts natural hydrological processes,while the resilience of rural landscape space needs to be improved,resulting in a sustained increase in the vulnerability risk of the regional rural hydrological environment.The scientific paradigm of constructing resilient rural landscape spatial planning is a prominent demand and development bottleneck in the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia under the rural revitalization strategy and sustainable development concept.Using the ecological wisdom research of typical resilience practice cases as the method and taking“Resilience Practice-Ecological Practice Wisdom-Resilience Planning Framework-New Resilience Practice”as the research path,this study focuses on the ecological wisdom contained in the landscape resilience practice of rural areas in the Ruhe River Basin of Pengyang County,Ningnan Mountain Area,from three aspects:settlement site selection,slope landscape facility layout,and rainwater resource utilization.To condense the ecological practice wisdom of combining“water-based industry”,“breaking down into smaller parts”,and“breaking down into smaller parts”in the Ruhe River Basin of Pengyang County,as well as combining“open source”and“cost reduction”;Based on the adaptability and transformative power of the rural social ecosystem,a framework for rural landscape resilience planning in the Ruhe River Basin is constructed from four aspects:ecological intelligence,dynamic design process,control elements,and achievable approaches.This provides a scientific landscape planning method for building contemporary rural areas with harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and provides guidance and reference for the implementation of rural revitalization strategies.