双重派生诉讼适用标准的理论展开

Theoretical Elaboration of Applicable Standards of Double Derivative Suits

双重派生诉讼是指在全资子公司遭受损害而母公司和子公司均拒绝提起诉讼时,母公司股东代为行使全资子公司的诉权,以自己名义向法院起诉追究不法行为人的责任。《公司法》第189条第4款以单一派生诉讼为基础,确立了双重派生诉讼的适用标准。母公司股东不仅在起诉时需要满足法定持股条件,而且在被诉不法行为发生时及诉讼进行中也需具有母公司股东身份。全资子公司有权起诉的任何主体均可成为双重派生诉讼的被告,但在母公司的董监高侵害全资子公司利益时,母公司股东可选择提起单一派生诉讼或双重派生诉讼。双重派生诉讼的适用仍需遵守先诉请求规则,在全资子公司不设董事会或监事会时,母公司股东可向履行相应职权的董事、监事或审计委员会提出先诉请求。

Double derivative suits refer to the situation where the shareholders in the parent company file an appeal to the court to investigate the wrongdoer's responsibility in their own name when the wholly-owned subsidiary suffers damage and the parent company and the subsidiary both refuse to file a suit.Provision 4 of Article 189 in the Company Law establishes the applicable standards of double derivative suits on the basis of single derivative suits.Shareholders of the parent company not only need to meet the legal shareholding conditions when suing,but also need to have the status of shareholders of the parent company when the alleged wrongdoing occurs and the litigation is in process.Any subject that a wholly-owned subsidiary has the right to sue can be a defendant in a double derivative suit,but when the directors,supervisors or officers of the parent company infringe on the interests of the wholly-owned subsidiary,the shareholder of the parent company can choose to file a single derivative suit or a double derivative suit.When a wholly-owned subsidiary does not have a board of directors or a board of supervisors,the shareholder of the parent company can file a request to the director,supervisor or audit committee who performs the corresponding functions.