入射角对大尺寸光伏组件性能影响的实验研究

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF INCIDENT ANGLE ON PERFORMANCE OF LARGE-SIZED PV MODULES

选取3种尺寸不同的182半片双玻PERC单晶硅光伏组件(编号分别为A、B、C),在室内测试条件下,首先测试光伏组件A和光伏组件B对不同入射角的响应特性,用于分析入射角对不同尺寸光伏组件性能的影响;然后测试光伏组件C在初始状态和其表面有轻微灰尘时的电性能、反射率,以及其在不同入射角下的响应特性,用于分析轻微灰尘对大尺寸双玻光伏组件性能的影响。研究结果表明:1)入射角在-85°~85°之间时,随着入射角的增大,两种大尺寸双玻光伏组件的短路电流减小幅度基本一致。这意味着不同入射角下短路电流的减小幅度不受光伏组件尺寸的影响。2)当入射角小于60°时,两种大尺寸双玻光伏组件的相对透光率都接近1,且尺寸相对较大的光伏组件的相对透光率整体略微偏高。3)当入射角超过70°时,光伏组件的相对透光率急剧减小,将导致输出电流损失急剧增大。因此,在光伏组件实际使用过程中,应避免入射角出现超过70°的情况。4)在有积灰的3种不同反射率下,光伏组件开路电压的变化不大,说明不同积灰状态均对光伏组件开路电压的影响较小,但对短路电流的影响却十分明显;随着反射率的增加,光伏组件C的短路电流逐渐减小,最大功率也在逐渐减小。但当积灰不多,反射率不够高时,应在清洗积灰成本和发电效益之间寻求平衡。

This paper selects three different sizes of 182 half piece bifacial glass PERC mono-Si PV modules(numbered A、B、C),under indoor testing conditions,firstly,test the response characteristics of PV modules A and B to different incident angles to analyze the impact of incident angles on the performance of PV modules of different sizes.Then test the electrical performance and reflectivity of PV module C in its initial state and with slight dust on its surface,as well as its characteristics at different incidence angles,to analyze the impact of slight dust on the performance of large-sized bifacial glass PV modules.The research results indicate that:1)When the incident angle is between-85°and 85°,the reduction in short-circuit current of the two largesized bifacial glass PV modules is basically the same as the increase of the incident angle.This means that the reduction in short-circuit current at different incident angles is not affected by the size of the PV module.2)When the incident angle is less than 60°,the relative transmittance of both large-sized bifacial glass PV modules is close to 1,and the relative transmittance of the relatively large-sized PV modules is slightly higher overall.3)When the incident angle exceeds 70°,the relative transmittance of the PV module decreases sharply,leading to a sharp increase in output current loss.Therefore,in the actual use of PV modules,it is necessary to avoid situations where the incident angle exceeds 70°.4)Under three different reflectivity conditions with accumulated dust,there is little change in the open circuit voltage of PV modules,indicating that different dust accumulation states have a relatively small impact on the open circuit voltage of PV modules,but their impact on the shortcircuit current is very significant.As the reflectivity increases,the short-circuit current of PV module C gradually decreases,and the maximum power also gradually decreases.But when there is not much dust accumulation and the reflectivity is not high enough,a balance should be sought between the cost of cleaning the accumulated dust and the efficiency of power generation.