西方女性主义科技史发展脉络与特征分析--基于三份国际科技史期刊论文的分析(1970—2019)

Evolutionary Path and Characteristics of Women in Science and Technology:An Analysis Based on Three International Journals

西方女性主义科技史是当代科技史研究的重要前沿领域之一。选取三份国际科技史权威期刊,系统梳理自1970年至2019年间在其上发表的女性主义科技史研究论文,采用数据统计、文本阐释等方法,对相关领域的发展脉络、焦点议题等进行分析。期刊论文发表的统计数据表明,女性主义科技史研究在20世纪70年代开始起步,自20世纪90年代以来,相关研究长期保持活跃状态。对期刊论文的研究主题进行分类,性别视角下的科技史研究可进一步划分为女性主义科学史与女性主义技术史。两个方向的代表性研究议题分别是医学和日常家用技术,人物研究则各自侧重精英个体和普通群体、科学的探索者和技术的使用者。性别分析工具融入科技史学科,反映出当代科技史学科的多元、开放与包容。

The pivotal role of western women in science and technology is one of the significant research fields in the history of science and technology.This paper,from a gender perspective,offers a comprehensive review of a selection of representative works spanning 1970 to 2019,published in three authoritative international journals specializing in the history of science and technology.Through the application of methods such as data statistics and textual analysis,the paper conducts an insightful examination of the evolutionary path and pivotal issues within the field.Statistics from journal publications indicate that studies of the history of women in technology and science emerged in the 1970s and has sustained a robust momentum since the 1990s.The categorization of research themes in these articles further delineates the history of science and technology from a gender perspective into two distinct strands:the history of women in science and the history of women in technology.Specifically,the former is characterized by a focus on medical history,with an emphasis on elite individuals and scientific pioneers,whereas the latter is marked by an interest in the history of everyday or household technology,highlighting the important role of general groups and the users of technology.The integration of gender analysis into the discipline of history of science and technology reflects the pluralism,openness,and inclusiveness of the contemporary discipline of history of science and technology.