数字时代表演者权的扩张--基于虚拟数字人的分析

Expansion of Performers’Rights in the Digital Era:An Analysis Based on Virtual Digital Humans’Performance

表演者权随着经济、社会、文化和技术的发展不断演进,而虚拟数字人的崛起给表演者权制度带来了新的挑战。虚拟表演是数字时代表演数字化的全新形式,也是作为“演员”的虚拟数字人通过自己的动作、姿势、表情、声音等呈现作品的方式,能够纳入表演者权制度框架中。虚拟数字人则是技术和身体融合后愈发具有人格化特征的新型主体,应当属于著作权法意义上的表演者。承认虚拟数字人作为表演者的独立地位,保留其精神权利,并通过职务表演确定经济权利的归属与行使,以推动法律对技术与现实进行回应。

Performers’rights continue to evolve with the development of economy,society,culture and technology,and the emergence of virtual digital humans pose new challenges to the established performer’s rights system.Virtual performance,a novel digital-era expression,allows virtual digital humans,acting as“the actors”,to present works through their own movements,postures,expressions,sounds,etc.Hence,it can be included within the framework of performer’s rights.Virtual digital humans,a fusion of technology and the body,exhibit increasingly personalized traits and should be considered performers in the context of copyright law.Recognizing their independent status as performers,retaining their moral rights,and determining the ownership and exercise of economic rights through“work-for-hire”principle,we can foster a legal response that is both technological relevant and grounded in reality.