五四时期毛泽东群体观的形成及其实践

Formation and Practice of Mao Zedong’s Group View During the May Fourth Period

五四时期,毛泽东逐渐摒弃“精神个人主义”“圣贤创世”等伦理思想,培育了具有集体主义色彩的群体观。毛泽东的群体观主要表现为以“民众”为中心的大群体观念和以“先进知识分子”为中心的小群体观念,其演变轨迹经历了三个主要阶段:一是开始笃信民众联合的力量,将改造社会的目光从“精英”转向“群体”;二是将“群体”与“政治”“主义”相结合,认为群体活动既需要联系政治现实,也需要思想和理论的指导;三是旗帜鲜明地指出应当用马克思主义聚合知识分子,组建中国的无产阶级政党,联合最广大的人民群众,走阶级专政的道路。同时,毛泽东通过创办报刊等方式实践群体价值,对湖南地区具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子群体的形成产生了积极作用。

During the May Fourth period,Mao Zedong gradually abandoned ethical thoughts like“spiritual individualism”and“Sages create the world”and developed a collectivist perspective on groups.Mao’s group view features a large group concept centered on“the people”and a small group concept centered on“advanced intellectuals”.This perspective evolved through three main stages:Firstly,Mao began to firmly believe in the power of collective unity,shifting the focus of social reform from“elites”to“groups”.Secondly,he combined“groups”with“politics”and“doctrine”,asserting that group activities need to connect with political realities and be guided by ideologies and theories.Thirdly,he clearly advocated using Marxism to unite intellectuals,establishing a proletarian political party in China,uniting the broad masses of the people,and following the path of class dictatorship.Additionally,Mao practiced these group values through initiatives such as establishing newspapers,which played a significant role in shaping the emerging group of intellectuals with preliminary communist ideologies in Hunan.