“总体国家安全观”视角下外空安全保障新挑战的法律应对

Legal Responses to New Challenges for Ensuring Outer Space Security and Safety in the Context of the“Holistic Approach to National Security”

外空安全包括防止外空军备竞赛与武器化、外空资产保护等多方面内容,与国家安全保障密切相关。近年来,随着外空技术的进步,影响外空安全的因素愈加复杂。空间划界标准细化、私人实体参与外空活动增多导致现行规则无法应对这些因素带来的新挑战。此外,国际关系的日益复杂化也使世界各国愈加难以达成关于外空安全保障规则的一致意见。“总体国家安全观”蕴含的“自身安全”与“共同安全”相统一、“共同、综合、合作、可持续”的新安全观和“共商、共建、共享”的理念对现行外空法基本原则有深化意义。作为重要的空间大国,中国在诸多外空活动领域取得了举世瞩目的成就,同时,中国也积极参与外空规则的制定与完善。从未来发展看,中国应进一步阐释“总体国家安全观”的内涵,推动外空法原则的完善。中国还应进一步修改《PPWT草案》,以应对外空活动发展带来的安全挑战。针对地月空间安全保障问题,中国应以国际月球科研站项目规则框架的制定为契机,推动构建综合性规则。此外,中国还应推动制定国内外空法,在履行国际义务的同时保障本国的外空利益。

The concept of outer space security encompasses various elements,including the prevention of an outer space arms race and weaponization,as well as the protection of outer space assets,which are closely intertwined with national security.In recent years,advancements in outer space technology have led to an increase in complexity in factors affecting outer space security.The detailed refinement of space demarcation standards,the heightened engagement of private entities in outer space activities,and the intricate nature of international relations have underscored the inadequacy of existing regulations in addressing the emerging challenges.Moreover,the escalating complexity of international relations has made it increasingly challenging for countries worldwide to reach a consensus on rules that ensure the security of outer space.The“holistic approach to national security”merges the concepts of“self-security”and“common security”,while the new vision of security featuring“common,comprehensive,cooperative and sustainable”security along with the principles of“consultation,contribution and shared benefits”holds significant implications for the foundational tenets of current outer space law.As a prominent space-faring nation,China has achieved notable milestones in various aspects of outer space activities and is actively contributing to the advancement and enhancement of outer space regulations.In the future,China should clarify the interpretation of the“holistic approach to national security”to facilitate the enhancement of the principles outlined in outer space law.Furthermore,China should undertake further revisions to draft Treaty on PPWT to address the security challenges stemming from the evolution of outer space activities.In addressing the security of cislunar space,China should leverage the formulation of the legal framework for the International Lunar Research Station to champion the establishment of comprehensive regulations.Additionally,China should advocate for the development of both domestic and international outer space laws to protect its interests in outer space while fulfilling its international obligations.