多不饱和脂肪酸的生物学功能及其在畜禽生产中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Biological Functions and Application ofPolyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Livestock and Poultry Production

多不饱和脂肪酸是人和动物机体必不可少的脂肪酸,在保持细胞膜结构完整性、脂质代谢、免疫调节等生理过程中发挥重要作用,对维持畜禽健康生长具有重要意义,其中以ω-6和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸更受关注,然而畜禽生产中多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入量仍存在争议。本文就多不饱和脂肪酸的分类来源、生物学功能以及饲粮中ω-6和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸在改善畜禽生产性能、繁殖性能、精液品质等方面的应用进行综述,旨在为确定多不饱和脂肪酸在饲粮中的添加量及畜禽生产实践中的应用提供参考。

Polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)are essential fatty acids in human and animal organisms and play an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes,lipid metabolism,immune regulation,and other physiological processes.PUFAs are also of great significance in maintaining healthy growth of livestock and poultry.Among these,ω-6 andω-3 fatty acids have attracted much attention,nonetheless,the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in livestock and poultry production is still controversial.This article reviews the sources and classification of PUFAs,their biological functions,and the application ofω-6 andω-3 PUFAs in feed to improve the production performance,reproductive performance,and semen quality of livestock and poultry,aiming to provide a reference for determining the amount of PUFAs to be added to feedstuffs and their practical application in livestock and poultry production.