我国草地植物根际促生菌种类及其作用研究进展

Research progress on species and functions of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in grasslands in China

植物根际促生菌(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)具固氮、溶磷、解钾、分泌植物内源激素等优点。本文综述了草地主要PGPR种属及促生特性,PGPR菌剂在草地牧草生长和土壤肥力改善中的积极效应及对草地植物抗逆性的作用,并分析了PGPR促进牧草生长的过程及机理,为未来PGPR在草地生产中的应用提供理论基础。PGPR对草地促进效应表现在:分泌内源激素,调节牧草内源激素水平,促进牧草生长和营养元素吸收,改善牧草品质;促进土壤元素向有效态转化,使土壤养分处于活跃态,改善土壤理化性质;分泌铁载体和ACC脱氨酶,增强牧草抗逆性等。未来PGPR在草地生产中的应用方向主要为:拓宽PGPR获取途径,加快PGPR生产的微生物肥料替代化肥进程,筛选改善草地土壤质量的PGPR菌肥种类,筛选综合抗逆性强的PGPR。

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)has some advantages in nitrogen fixation,phosphorus solubilization,potassium release,the secretion of endogenous hormone and so on.In this paper,the main species and growth characteristics of PGPR in grasslands,the positive effects of PGPR on grasslands growth and soil fertility improvement,and the effects on resistance of grassland plants were reviewed,and the process and mechanism of PGPR promoting herbage growth were analyzed.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the future application of PGPR in grasslands production.The contributions of PGPR to grasslands are multifaceted:secreting endogenous hormones,regulating the level of endogenous hormones in herbage,promoting the growth and nutrient absorption of herbage,improving the quality of herbage;Promoting the transformation of soil elements to available state,making soil nutrients in active state,improving soil physical and chemical properties;secreting iron carrier and ACC deaminase to enhance the stress resistance of herbage.In the future,the main application directions of PGPR in grassland production are as follows:broaden the access to PGPR,speed up the process of replacing chemical fertilizer with microbial fertilizer produced by PGPR,Screen PGPR microbial fertilizer to improve grassland soil quality,and screen PGPR with strong comprehensive stress resistance.