退役磷酸铁锂电池与三元锂电池正极材料直接修复研究进展

Advances in direct repair of cathode materials from retired lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery

锂电池产业的迅猛发展以及新型储能对锂离子电池需求的进一步增长预期引起了各界对相关资源与环境问题的广泛担忧,因此退役锂离子电池的回收利用已成为当前产业体系中的重要一环。锂离子电池的正极材料是锂电池中最具价值的部分,相比于目前已投入生产的湿法回收与火法回收工艺,针对退役正极材料直接修复的研究目前仍处于起步阶段,因其相比于传统回收方法具有绿色廉价等优势,未来仍然存在可观的开发空间。本文介绍了磷酸铁锂电池与三元锂电池及两种锂离子电池正极材料的主要失效原因,以及针对此两种锂离子电池退役后其正极材料的几种直接修复方法,并对不同直接修复方法存在的问题进行了梳理,进而对正极材料直接修复提出相关建议,以期直接修复可以在锂电行业有更广阔的发展。

The rapid development of the lithium battery industry and the new energy storage demand for lithium-ion batteries have drawn much attention in the resource and environmental field.Therefore,the recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries is necessary in the current industrial system.The cathode materials are the most valuable part of lithium-ion batteries,while the direct repair of waste cathode electrode materials is still in its early stages compared to the hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy methods.The prospect of a direct repair method is better than traditional methods due to its low cost and green environmental protection.This review introduced two major batteries,including lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery,as well as the reason for the cathode materials failure of these two batteries.Meanwhile,several direct repair methods for the cathode materials of these two retired batteries and the problems existing in different direct repair methods were reviewed.Some relevant suggestions were also proposed to promote development of direct repair in the lithium battery industry.