太阳能电池电路的负载特性研究

Study on Load Characteristics of Solar Cell Circuits

在关于太阳能电池的文献中,一般都会给出输出电流-输出电压关系曲线和输出功率-输出电压关系曲线。但很少见到关于太阳能电池的输出电压-负载电阻关系曲线、输出电流-负载电阻关系曲线,以及输出功率-负载电阻关系曲线。本文从实验和理论两方面研究了这些关系曲线,实验测试和理论计算的结果相当一致,二者均表明,对确定的太阳能电池电路,随着负载电阻的增大,输出电压单调增大,输出电流单调减小,但输出功率不是单调变化的,而是存在一个最佳功率值,这个最佳功率值对应一个最佳负载电阻值。此外,我们也研究了入射光强对太阳能电池输出电压、输出电流,以及输出功率的影响,发现这些输出量均随光强的增大而增大。这些研究结果在太阳能电池电路的设计和应用中具有重要的意义。

In the literature on solar cells,the relationship curve of output current versus output voltage and the relationship curve of output power versus output voltage are generally given.However,it is rare to see the relationship curve of output voltage versus load resistance,the relationship curve of output current versus load resistance,and the relationship curve of output power versus load resistance.These curves are studied experimentally and theoretically here.The results of experimental tests and theoretical calculations are quite consistent.Both of them show that,for a determined solar cell circuit,with the increase of load resistance,the output voltage monotonically increases and the output current monotonically decreases.However,the output power does not change monotonically,there is an optimal power value.This optimal power value corresponds to an optimal load resistance value.In addition,we have also studied the impact of incident light intensity on the output voltage,output current and output power of solar cells,and found that all these outputs increase with the increase of light intensity.The results of this work are of great significance in the design and application of solar cell circuits.